Journal Articles
2020 |
Syriani, E; Bill, Rovert; Wimmer, Manuel Domain-Specific Model Distance Measures Journal Article Journal of Object Technology, 18 (3), pp. 1-19, 2020. @article{Syriani2019dsmdm, title = {Domain-Specific Model Distance Measures}, author = {E. Syriani and Rovert Bill and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = { }, doi = {10.5381/jot.2019.18.3.a3}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-25}, booktitle = {In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Model Transformations (ICMT 2019)}, journal = {Journal of Object Technology}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {1-19}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Leroy, Dorian; Bousse, Erwan; Wimmer, Manuel; Mayerhofer, Tanja; Combemale, Benoît; Schwinger, Wieland Behavioral interfaces for executable DSLs Journal Article Software and Systems Modeling, pp. 1-29, 2020. @article{LeroyBWMCS2020, title = {Behavioral interfaces for executable DSLs}, author = {Dorian Leroy and Erwan Bousse and Manuel Wimmer and Tanja Mayerhofer and Benoît Combemale and Wieland Schwinger}, url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10270-020-00798-2.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s10270-020-00798-2}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-23}, journal = {Software and Systems Modeling}, pages = {1-29}, abstract = {Executable domain-specific languages (DSLs) enable the execution of behavioral models. While an execution is mostly driven by the model content (e.g., control structures), many use cases require interacting with the running model, such as simulating scenarios in an automated or interactive way, or coupling the model with other models of the system or environment. The management of these interactions is usually hardcoded into the semantics of the DSL, which prevents its reuse for other DSLs and the provision of generic interaction-centric tools (e.g., event injector). In this paper, we propose a metalanguage for complementing the definition of executable DSLs with explicit behavioral interfaces to enable external tools to interact with executed models in a unified way. We implemented the proposed metalanguage in the GEMOC Studio and show how behavioral interfaces enable the realization of tools that are generic and thus usable for different executable DSLs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Executable domain-specific languages (DSLs) enable the execution of behavioral models. While an execution is mostly driven by the model content (e.g., control structures), many use cases require interacting with the running model, such as simulating scenarios in an automated or interactive way, or coupling the model with other models of the system or environment. The management of these interactions is usually hardcoded into the semantics of the DSL, which prevents its reuse for other DSLs and the provision of generic interaction-centric tools (e.g., event injector). In this paper, we propose a metalanguage for complementing the definition of executable DSLs with explicit behavioral interfaces to enable external tools to interact with executed models in a unified way. We implemented the proposed metalanguage in the GEMOC Studio and show how behavioral interfaces enable the realization of tools that are generic and thus usable for different executable DSLs. |
Alkhazi, Bader; Abid, Chaima; Kessentini, Marouane; Leroy, Dorian; Wimmer, Manuel Multi-criteria test cases selection for model transformations Journal Article Automated Software Engineering, 27 , pp. 91-118, 2020. @article{Bader2020, title = {Multi-criteria test cases selection for model transformations}, author = {Bader Alkhazi and Chaima Abid and Marouane Kessentini and Dorian Leroy and Manuel Wimmer }, doi = {10.1007%2Fs10515-020-00271}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-12}, journal = {Automated Software Engineering}, volume = {27}, pages = {91-118}, abstract = {Model transformations play an important role in the evolution of systems in various fields such as healthcare, automotive and aerospace industry. Thus, it is important to check the correctness of model transformation programs. Several approaches have been proposed to generate test cases for model transformations based on different coverage criteria (e.g., statements, rules, metamodel elements, etc.). However, the execution of a large number of test cases during the evolution of transformation programs is time-consuming and may include a lot of overlap between the test cases. In this paper, we propose a test case selection approach for model transformations based on multi-objective search. We use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the best trade-offs between two conflicting objectives: (1) maximize the coverage of rules and (2) minimize the execution time of the selected test cases. We validated our approach on several evolution cases of medium and large ATLAS Transformation Language programs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Model transformations play an important role in the evolution of systems in various fields such as healthcare, automotive and aerospace industry. Thus, it is important to check the correctness of model transformation programs. Several approaches have been proposed to generate test cases for model transformations based on different coverage criteria (e.g., statements, rules, metamodel elements, etc.). However, the execution of a large number of test cases during the evolution of transformation programs is time-consuming and may include a lot of overlap between the test cases. In this paper, we propose a test case selection approach for model transformations based on multi-objective search. We use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the best trade-offs between two conflicting objectives: (1) maximize the coverage of rules and (2) minimize the execution time of the selected test cases. We validated our approach on several evolution cases of medium and large ATLAS Transformation Language programs. |
Alkhazi, Bader; Abid, Chaima; Kessentini, Marouane; Wimmer, Manuel On the value of quality attributes for refactoring ATL model transformations: A multi-objective approach Journal Article Information and Software Technology, 120 , pp. 106243, 2020. @article{AlkhaziAKW20, title = {On the value of quality attributes for refactoring ATL model transformations: A multi-objective approach}, author = {Bader Alkhazi and Chaima Abid and Marouane Kessentini and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2019.106243}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-03}, journal = {Information and Software Technology}, volume = {120}, pages = {106243}, abstract = {Context Model transformations play a fundamental role in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) as they are used to manipulate models and to transform them between source and target metamodels. However, model transformation programs lack significant support to maintain good quality which is in contrast to established programming paradigms such as object-oriented programming. In order to improve the quality of model transformations, the majority of existing studies suggest manual support for the developers to execute a number of refactoring types on model transformation programs. Other recent studies aimed to automate the refactoring of model transformation programs, mostly focusing on the ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL), by improving mainly few quality metrics using a number of refactoring types. Objective In this paper, we propose a novel set of quality attributes to evaluate refactored ATL programs based on the hierarchical quality model QMOOD. Method We used the proposed quality attributes to guide the selection of the best refactorings to improve ATL programs using multi-objective search. Results We validate our approach on a comprehensive dataset of model transformations. The statistical analysis of our experiments on 30 runs shows that our automated approach recommended useful refactorings based on a benchmark of ATL transformations and compared to random search, mono-objective search formulation, a previous work based on a different formulation of multi-objective search with few quality metrics, and a semi-automated refactoring approach not based on heuristic search. Conclusion All these existing studies did not use our QMOOD adaptation for ATL which confirms the relevance of our quality attributes to guide the search for good refactoring suggestions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Context Model transformations play a fundamental role in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) as they are used to manipulate models and to transform them between source and target metamodels. However, model transformation programs lack significant support to maintain good quality which is in contrast to established programming paradigms such as object-oriented programming. In order to improve the quality of model transformations, the majority of existing studies suggest manual support for the developers to execute a number of refactoring types on model transformation programs. Other recent studies aimed to automate the refactoring of model transformation programs, mostly focusing on the ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL), by improving mainly few quality metrics using a number of refactoring types. Objective In this paper, we propose a novel set of quality attributes to evaluate refactored ATL programs based on the hierarchical quality model QMOOD. Method We used the proposed quality attributes to guide the selection of the best refactorings to improve ATL programs using multi-objective search. Results We validate our approach on a comprehensive dataset of model transformations. The statistical analysis of our experiments on 30 runs shows that our automated approach recommended useful refactorings based on a benchmark of ATL transformations and compared to random search, mono-objective search formulation, a previous work based on a different formulation of multi-objective search with few quality metrics, and a semi-automated refactoring approach not based on heuristic search. Conclusion All these existing studies did not use our QMOOD adaptation for ATL which confirms the relevance of our quality attributes to guide the search for good refactoring suggestions. |
Feldmann, Stefan; Kernschmidt, Konstantin; Wimmer, Manuel; Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Managing Inter-Model Inconsistencies in Model-Based Systems Engineering: Application in Automated Production Systems Engineering Journal Article Journal of Systems and Software Engineering, 153 , pp. 105-134, 2020. @article{Feldmann2019imi, title = {Managing Inter-Model Inconsistencies in Model-Based Systems Engineering: Application in Automated Production Systems Engineering}, author = {Stefan Feldmann and Konstantin Kernschmidt and Manuel Wimmer and Birgit Vogel-Heuser}, doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2019.03.060}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Systems and Software Engineering}, volume = {153}, pages = {105-134}, abstract = {To cope with the challenge of managing the complexity of automated production systems, model-based approaches are applied increasingly. However, due to the multitude of different disciplines involved in automated production systems engineering, e.g., mechanical, electrical, and software engineering, several modeling languages are used within a project to describe the system from different perspectives. To ensure that the resulting system models are not contradictory, the necessity to continuously diagnose and handle inconsistencies within and in between models arises. This article proposes a comprehensive approach that allows stakeholders to specify, diagnose, and handle inconsistencies in model-based systems engineering. In particular, to explicitly capture the dependencies and consistency rules that must hold between the disparate engineering models, a dedicated graphical modeling language is proposed. By means of this language, stakeholders can specify, diagnose, and handle inconsistencies in the accompanying inconsistency management framework. The approach is implemented based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and evaluated based on a demonstrator project as well as a small user experiment. First findings indicate that the approach is expressive enough to capture typical dependencies and consistency rules in the automated production system domain and that it requires less effort compared to manually developing inter-model inconsistency management solutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To cope with the challenge of managing the complexity of automated production systems, model-based approaches are applied increasingly. However, due to the multitude of different disciplines involved in automated production systems engineering, e.g., mechanical, electrical, and software engineering, several modeling languages are used within a project to describe the system from different perspectives. To ensure that the resulting system models are not contradictory, the necessity to continuously diagnose and handle inconsistencies within and in between models arises. This article proposes a comprehensive approach that allows stakeholders to specify, diagnose, and handle inconsistencies in model-based systems engineering. In particular, to explicitly capture the dependencies and consistency rules that must hold between the disparate engineering models, a dedicated graphical modeling language is proposed. By means of this language, stakeholders can specify, diagnose, and handle inconsistencies in the accompanying inconsistency management framework. The approach is implemented based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and evaluated based on a demonstrator project as well as a small user experiment. First findings indicate that the approach is expressive enough to capture typical dependencies and consistency rules in the automated production system domain and that it requires less effort compared to manually developing inter-model inconsistency management solutions. |
Wortmann, Andreas; Barais, Olivier; Combemale, Benoît; Wimmer, Manuel Modeling languages in Industry 4.0: an extended systematic mapping study Journal Article Software and Systems Modeling, 19 (1), pp. 67-94, 2020. @article{WortmannBCW20, title = {Modeling languages in Industry 4.0: an extended systematic mapping study}, author = {Andreas Wortmann and Olivier Barais and Benoît Combemale and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1007/s10270-019-00757-6}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-29}, journal = {Software and Systems Modeling}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {67-94}, abstract = {Industry 4.0 integrates cyber-physical systems with the Internet of Things to optimize the complete value-added chain. Successfully applying Industry 4.0 requires the cooperation of various stakeholders from different domains. Domain-specific modeling languages promise to facilitate their involvement through leveraging (domain-specific) models to primary development artifacts. We aim to assess the use of modeling in Industry 4.0 through the lens of modeling languages in a broad sense. Based on an extensive literature review, we updated our systematic mapping study on modeling languages and modeling techniques used in Industry 4.0 (Wortmann et al., Conference on model-driven engineering languages and systems (MODELS’17), IEEE, pp 281–291, 2017) to include publications until February 2018. Overall, the updated study considers 3344 candidate publications that were systematically investigated until 408 relevant publications were identified. Based on these, we developed an updated map of the research landscape on modeling languages and techniques for Industry 4.0. Research on modeling languages in Industry 4.0 focuses on contributing methods to solve the challenges of digital representation and integration. To this end, languages from systems engineering and knowledge representation are applied most often but rarely combined. There also is a gap between the communities researching and applying modeling languages for Industry 4.0 that originates from different perspectives on modeling and related standards. From the vantage point of modeling, Industry 4.0 is the combination of systems engineering, with cyber-physical systems, and knowledge engineering. Research currently is splintered along topics and communities and accelerating progress demands for multi-disciplinary, integrated research efforts.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Industry 4.0 integrates cyber-physical systems with the Internet of Things to optimize the complete value-added chain. Successfully applying Industry 4.0 requires the cooperation of various stakeholders from different domains. Domain-specific modeling languages promise to facilitate their involvement through leveraging (domain-specific) models to primary development artifacts. We aim to assess the use of modeling in Industry 4.0 through the lens of modeling languages in a broad sense. Based on an extensive literature review, we updated our systematic mapping study on modeling languages and modeling techniques used in Industry 4.0 (Wortmann et al., Conference on model-driven engineering languages and systems (MODELS’17), IEEE, pp 281–291, 2017) to include publications until February 2018. Overall, the updated study considers 3344 candidate publications that were systematically investigated until 408 relevant publications were identified. Based on these, we developed an updated map of the research landscape on modeling languages and techniques for Industry 4.0. Research on modeling languages in Industry 4.0 focuses on contributing methods to solve the challenges of digital representation and integration. To this end, languages from systems engineering and knowledge representation are applied most often but rarely combined. There also is a gap between the communities researching and applying modeling languages for Industry 4.0 that originates from different perspectives on modeling and related standards. From the vantage point of modeling, Industry 4.0 is the combination of systems engineering, with cyber-physical systems, and knowledge engineering. Research currently is splintered along topics and communities and accelerating progress demands for multi-disciplinary, integrated research efforts. |
2019 |
Burgueno, Loli; Ciccozzi, Federico; Famelis, Michalis; Kappel, Gerti; Lambers, Leen; Mosser, Sébastien; Paige, Richard F; Pierantonio, Alfonso; Rensink, Arend; Salay, Rick; Taentzer, Gabriele; Vallecillo, Antonio; Wimmer, Manuel Contents for a Model-Based Software Engineering Body of Knowledge Journal Article Software and Systems Modeling, 18 (6), pp. 3193-3205, 2019. @article{BurguenoCFKLMPP19, title = {Contents for a Model-Based Software Engineering Body of Knowledge}, author = {Loli Burgueno and Federico Ciccozzi and Michalis Famelis and Gerti Kappel and Leen Lambers and Sébastien Mosser and Richard F. Paige and Alfonso Pierantonio and Arend Rensink and Rick Salay and Gabriele Taentzer and Antonio Vallecillo and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1007/s10270-019-00746-9}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {Software and Systems Modeling}, volume = {18}, number = {6}, pages = {3193-3205}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Wally, Bernhard; Vyskocil, Jiri; Novak, Petr; Huemer, Christian; Sindelar, Radek; Kadera, Petr; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel Flexible Production Systems: Automated Generation of Operations Plans Based on ISA-95 and PDDL Journal Article IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 4 (4), pp. 4062-4069, 2019, ISSN: 2377-3766. @article{Wally2019fps, title = {Flexible Production Systems: Automated Generation of Operations Plans Based on ISA-95 and PDDL}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Jiri Vyskocil and Petr Novak and Christian Huemer and Radek Sindelar and Petr Kadera and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1109/LRA.2019.2929991}, issn = {2377-3766}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-22}, journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {4062-4069}, abstract = {Model-driven engineering (MDE) provides tools and methods for the manipulation of formal models. In this letter, we leverage MDE for the transformation of production system models into flat files that are understood by general purpose planning tools and that enable the computation of "plans", i.e., sequences of production steps that are required to reach certain production goals. These plans are then merged back into the production system model, thus enriching the formalized production system knowledge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Model-driven engineering (MDE) provides tools and methods for the manipulation of formal models. In this letter, we leverage MDE for the transformation of production system models into flat files that are understood by general purpose planning tools and that enable the computation of "plans", i.e., sequences of production steps that are required to reach certain production goals. These plans are then merged back into the production system model, thus enriching the formalized production system knowledge. |
Vogel-Heuser, Birgit; Fantuzzi, Cesare; Wimmer, Manuel; Böhm, Markus; Fay, Alexander Herausforderungen in der interdisziplinären Entwicklung von Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen Journal Article Automatisierungstechnik, 67 (6), pp. 445-454, 2019. @article{Vogel-HeuserFWB19, title = {Herausforderungen in der interdisziplinären Entwicklung von Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen}, author = {Birgit Vogel-Heuser and Cesare Fantuzzi and Manuel Wimmer and Markus Böhm and Alexander Fay }, doi = {10.1515/auto-2018-0144}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {Automatisierungstechnik}, volume = {67}, number = {6}, pages = {445-454}, abstract = {Modellbasierte Systementwicklung hat bereits Anwendung in der industriellen Entwicklung einer Vielzahl technischer Systeme gefunden. Die Verwendung verschiedener Modelle, z. B. für mechanische, elektrotechnische und automatisierungstechnische Systemaspekte sowie deren Varianten und Versionen unterstützt interdisziplinäre Innovationen, führt jedoch zu vielen Herausforderungen. Eine davon ist die heterogene Modelllandschaft, die insbesondere von überlappenden, teilweise redundant modellierten Informationen geprägt ist. Zudem unterliegen Entwicklungs-, Produktions- und Serviceprozesse ständig internen sowie auch externen Entwicklungszyklen. Zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen können verschiedene Methoden und Techniken eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige dieser Ansätze hinsichtlich ihrer Vorteile und Grenzen untersucht, und zwar das Konsistenz- bzw. Inkonsistenzmanagement von gekoppelten Modellen im Engineering, das disziplin-übergreifende Management des Engineering-Workflows sowie die Bedeutung von Smart Data Ansätzen bzw. modellbasiertem Wissen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modellbasierte Systementwicklung hat bereits Anwendung in der industriellen Entwicklung einer Vielzahl technischer Systeme gefunden. Die Verwendung verschiedener Modelle, z. B. für mechanische, elektrotechnische und automatisierungstechnische Systemaspekte sowie deren Varianten und Versionen unterstützt interdisziplinäre Innovationen, führt jedoch zu vielen Herausforderungen. Eine davon ist die heterogene Modelllandschaft, die insbesondere von überlappenden, teilweise redundant modellierten Informationen geprägt ist. Zudem unterliegen Entwicklungs-, Produktions- und Serviceprozesse ständig internen sowie auch externen Entwicklungszyklen. Zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen können verschiedene Methoden und Techniken eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige dieser Ansätze hinsichtlich ihrer Vorteile und Grenzen untersucht, und zwar das Konsistenz- bzw. Inkonsistenzmanagement von gekoppelten Modellen im Engineering, das disziplin-übergreifende Management des Engineering-Workflows sowie die Bedeutung von Smart Data Ansätzen bzw. modellbasiertem Wissen. |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel; Sindelar, Radek Modeling Variability and Persisting Configurations in OPC UA Journal Article Procedia CIRP, 81 , pp. 13-18, 2019, ISSN: 2212-8271. @article{Wally2019variability, title = {Modeling Variability and Persisting Configurations in OPC UA}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Radek Sindelar}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.003}, issn = {2212-8271}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-24}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {81}, pages = {13-18}, abstract = {Variability is crucial in the design of many advanced goods and it is also receiving increasing attention in production systems engineering. Since OPC Unified Architecture plays an important role when it comes to standardized information exchange in modern production systems, it can be a melting pot for information from various engineering domains, such as product design and production engineering — thus, it is an ideal place to hold variability information of products and production systems alike. Based on an initial variability information model we propose additional concepts for the persisting of configurations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Variability is crucial in the design of many advanced goods and it is also receiving increasing attention in production systems engineering. Since OPC Unified Architecture plays an important role when it comes to standardized information exchange in modern production systems, it can be a melting pot for information from various engineering domains, such as product design and production engineering — thus, it is an ideal place to hold variability information of products and production systems alike. Based on an initial variability information model we propose additional concepts for the persisting of configurations. |
Wolny, Sabine; Mazak, Alexandra; Carpella, Christine; Geist, Verena; Wimmer, Manuel Thirteen years of SysML: a systematic mapping study Journal Article Software & Systems Modeling, 2019, ISSN: 1619-1374. @article{Wolny2019sysml, title = {Thirteen years of SysML: a systematic mapping study}, author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Christine Carpella and Verena Geist and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1007/s10270-019-00735-y}, issn = {1619-1374}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-13}, journal = {Software & Systems Modeling}, abstract = {The OMG standard Systems Modeling Language (SysML) has been on the market for about thirteen years. This standard is an extended subset of UML providing a graphical modeling language for designing complex systems by considering software as well as hardware parts. Over the period of thirteen years, many publications have covered various aspects of SysML in different research fields. The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic mapping study about SysML to identify the different categories of papers, (i) to get an overview of existing research topics and groups, (ii) to identify whether there are any publication trends, and (iii) to uncover possible missing links. We followed the guidelines for conducting a systematic mapping study by Petersen et al. (Inf Softw Technol 64:1--18, 2015) to analyze SysML publications from 2005 to 2017. Our analysis revealed the following main findings: (i) there is a growing scientific interest in SysML in the last years particularly in the research field of Software Engineering, (ii) SysML is mostly used in the design or validation phase, rather than in the implementation phase, (iii) the most commonly used diagram types are the SysML-specific requirement diagram, parametric diagram, and block diagram, together with the activity diagram and state machine diagram known from UML, (iv) SysML is a specific UML profile mostly used in systems engineering; however, the language has to be customized to accommodate domain-specific aspects, (v) related to collaborations for SysML research over the world, there are more individual research groups than large international networks. This study provides a solid basis for classifying existing approaches for SysML. Researchers can use our results (i) for identifying open research issues, (ii) for a better understanding of the state of the art, and (iii) as a reference for finding specific approaches about SysML.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The OMG standard Systems Modeling Language (SysML) has been on the market for about thirteen years. This standard is an extended subset of UML providing a graphical modeling language for designing complex systems by considering software as well as hardware parts. Over the period of thirteen years, many publications have covered various aspects of SysML in different research fields. The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic mapping study about SysML to identify the different categories of papers, (i) to get an overview of existing research topics and groups, (ii) to identify whether there are any publication trends, and (iii) to uncover possible missing links. We followed the guidelines for conducting a systematic mapping study by Petersen et al. (Inf Softw Technol 64:1--18, 2015) to analyze SysML publications from 2005 to 2017. Our analysis revealed the following main findings: (i) there is a growing scientific interest in SysML in the last years particularly in the research field of Software Engineering, (ii) SysML is mostly used in the design or validation phase, rather than in the implementation phase, (iii) the most commonly used diagram types are the SysML-specific requirement diagram, parametric diagram, and block diagram, together with the activity diagram and state machine diagram known from UML, (iv) SysML is a specific UML profile mostly used in systems engineering; however, the language has to be customized to accommodate domain-specific aspects, (v) related to collaborations for SysML research over the world, there are more individual research groups than large international networks. This study provides a solid basis for classifying existing approaches for SysML. Researchers can use our results (i) for identifying open research issues, (ii) for a better understanding of the state of the art, and (iii) as a reference for finding specific approaches about SysML. |
Kessentini, Wael; Sahraoui, Houari; Wimmer, Manuel Automated metamodel/model co-evolution: A search-based approach Journal Article Information and Software Technology, 106 , pp. 49-67, 2019, ISSN: 0950-5849. @article{Kessentini2019ammmce, title = {Automated metamodel/model co-evolution: A search-based approach}, author = {Wael Kessentini and Houari Sahraoui and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2018.09.003}, issn = {0950-5849}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-00}, journal = {Information and Software Technology}, volume = {106}, pages = {49-67}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Burgueño, Loli; Mayerhofer, Tanja; Wimmer, Manuel; Vallecillo, Antonio Specifying quantities in software models Journal Article Information and Software Technology, 113 , pp. 82-97, 2019, ISSN: 0950-5849. @article{Burgueno2019quantities, title = {Specifying quantities in software models}, author = {Loli Burgueño and Tanja Mayerhofer and Manuel Wimmer and Antonio Vallecillo}, doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2019.05.006}, issn = {0950-5849}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-00-00}, journal = {Information and Software Technology}, volume = {113}, pages = {82-97}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Ameller, D; Franch, X; C., ; Martínez-Fernández, S; Araujo, J; Biffl, S; Cabot, J; Cortellessa, V; Fernández, Méndez D; Moreira, A; Muccini, H; Vallecillo, A; Wimmer, Manuel; Amaral, V; Böhm, W; Brunelière, H; Burgueño, Loli; Goulão, M; Teufl, S; Berardinelli, L Dealing with Non-Functional Requirements in Model-Driven Development: A Survey Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2019. @article{Ameller2019nfr, title = {Dealing with Non-Functional Requirements in Model-Driven Development: A Survey}, author = {D. Ameller and X. Franch and C. and S. Martínez-Fernández and J. Araujo and S. Biffl and J. Cabot and V. Cortellessa and D. Méndez Fernández and A. Moreira and H. Muccini and A. Vallecillo and Manuel Wimmer and V. Amaral and W. Böhm and H. Brunelière and Loli Burgueño and M. Goulão and S. Teufl and L. Berardinelli}, doi = {10.1109/TSE.2019.2904476}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-00-00}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}, abstract = {Managing Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) in software projects is challenging, and projects that adopt Model-Driven Development (MDD) are no exception. Although several methods and techniques have been proposed to face this challenge, there is still little evidence on how NFRs are handled in MDD by practitioners. Knowing more about the state of the practice may help researchers to steer their research and practitioners to improve their daily work. Objective: In this paper, we present our findings from an interview-based survey conducted with practitioners working in 18 different companies from 6 European countries. From a practitioner´s point of view, the paper shows what barriers and benefits the management of NFRs as part of the MDD process can bring to companies, how NFRs are supported by MDD approaches, and which strategies are followed when (some) types of NFRs are not supported by MDD approaches. Results: Our study shows that practitioners perceive MDD adoption as a complex process with little to no tool support for NFRs, reporting productivity and maintainability as the types of NFRs expected to be supported when MDD is adopted. But in general, companies adapt MDD to deal with NFRs. When NFRs are not supported, the generated code is sometimes changed manually, thus compromising the maintainability of the software developed. However, the interviewed practitioners claim that the benefits of using MDD outweight the extra effort required by these manual adaptations. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that it is important for practitioners to handle NFRs in MDD, but further research is necessary in order to lower the barrier for supporting a broad spectrum of NFRs with MDD. Still, much conceptual and tool implementation work seems to be necessary to lower the barrier of integrating the broad spectrum of NFRs in practice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Managing Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) in software projects is challenging, and projects that adopt Model-Driven Development (MDD) are no exception. Although several methods and techniques have been proposed to face this challenge, there is still little evidence on how NFRs are handled in MDD by practitioners. Knowing more about the state of the practice may help researchers to steer their research and practitioners to improve their daily work. Objective: In this paper, we present our findings from an interview-based survey conducted with practitioners working in 18 different companies from 6 European countries. From a practitioner´s point of view, the paper shows what barriers and benefits the management of NFRs as part of the MDD process can bring to companies, how NFRs are supported by MDD approaches, and which strategies are followed when (some) types of NFRs are not supported by MDD approaches. Results: Our study shows that practitioners perceive MDD adoption as a complex process with little to no tool support for NFRs, reporting productivity and maintainability as the types of NFRs expected to be supported when MDD is adopted. But in general, companies adapt MDD to deal with NFRs. When NFRs are not supported, the generated code is sometimes changed manually, thus compromising the maintainability of the software developed. However, the interviewed practitioners claim that the benefits of using MDD outweight the extra effort required by these manual adaptations. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that it is important for practitioners to handle NFRs in MDD, but further research is necessary in order to lower the barrier for supporting a broad spectrum of NFRs with MDD. Still, much conceptual and tool implementation work seems to be necessary to lower the barrier of integrating the broad spectrum of NFRs in practice. |
2018 |
Ceravolo, Paolo; Azzini, Antonia; Angelini, Marco; Catarci, Tiziana; Cudré-Mauroux, Philippe; Damiani, Ernesto; Mazak, Alexandra; Keulen, Maurice Van; Jarrar, Mustafa; Santucci, Giuseppe; Sattler, Kai-Uwe; Scannapieco, Monica; Wimmer, Manuel; Wrembel, Robert; Zaraket, Fadi Big Data Semantics Journal Article Journal on Data Semantics, 2018, ISSN: 1861-2040. @article{Ceravolo2018bds, title = {Big Data Semantics}, author = {Paolo Ceravolo and Antonia Azzini and Marco Angelini and Tiziana Catarci and Philippe Cudré-Mauroux and Ernesto Damiani and Alexandra Mazak and Maurice Van Keulen and Mustafa Jarrar and Giuseppe Santucci and Kai-Uwe Sattler and Monica Scannapieco and Manuel Wimmer and Robert Wrembel and Fadi Zaraket}, doi = {10.1007/s13740-018-0086-2}, issn = {1861-2040}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-23}, journal = {Journal on Data Semantics}, abstract = {Big Data technology has discarded traditional data modeling approaches as no longer applicable to distributed data processing. It is, however, largely recognized that Big Data impose novel challenges in data and infrastructure management. Indeed, multiple components and procedures must be coordinated to ensure a high level of data quality and accessibility for the application layers, e.g., data analytics and reporting. In this paper, the third of its kind co-authored by members of IFIP WG 2.6 on Data Semantics, we propose a review of the literature addressing these topics and discuss relevant challenges for future research. Based on our literature review, we argue that methods, principles, and perspectives developed by the Data Semantics community can significantly contribute to address Big Data challenges.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Big Data technology has discarded traditional data modeling approaches as no longer applicable to distributed data processing. It is, however, largely recognized that Big Data impose novel challenges in data and infrastructure management. Indeed, multiple components and procedures must be coordinated to ensure a high level of data quality and accessibility for the application layers, e.g., data analytics and reporting. In this paper, the third of its kind co-authored by members of IFIP WG 2.6 on Data Semantics, we propose a review of the literature addressing these topics and discuss relevant challenges for future research. Based on our literature review, we argue that methods, principles, and perspectives developed by the Data Semantics community can significantly contribute to address Big Data challenges. |
Wolny, Sabine; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel; Konlechner, Rafael; Kappel, Gerti Model-Driven Time-Series Analytics Journal Article International Journal of Conceptual Modeling, 13 , pp. 252-261, 2018. @article{Wolny2018mdtsa, title = {Model-Driven Time-Series Analytics}, author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Rafael Konlechner and Gerti Kappel}, url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/case-study-artefacts-for-emisa-2017/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-27}, journal = {International Journal of Conceptual Modeling}, volume = {13}, pages = {252-261}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Mazak, Alexandra; Lueder, Arndt; Wolny, Sabine; Wimmer, Manuel; Winkler, Dietmar; Rosendahl, Ronald; Bayanifar, H; Biffl, S Model-Based Generation of Run-Time Data Collection Systems Exploiting AutomationML Journal Article at - Automatisierungstechnik, 66 , pp. 819-833, 2018. @article{Mazak2018mbg, title = {Model-Based Generation of Run-Time Data Collection Systems Exploiting AutomationML}, author = {Alexandra Mazak and Arndt Lueder and Sabine Wolny and Manuel Wimmer and Dietmar Winkler and Ronald Rosendahl and H. Bayanifar and S. Biffl}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-00-00}, journal = {at - Automatisierungstechnik}, volume = {66}, pages = {819-833}, abstract = {Production system operators need support for collecting and pre-processing data on production systems consisting of several system components, as foundation for optimization and defect detection. Traditional approaches based on hard-coded programming of such runtime data collection systems take time and effort, and require both domain and technology knowledge. In this article, we introduce the AML-RTDC approach, which combines the strengths of AutomationML (AML) data modeling and model-driven engineering, to reduce the manual effort for realizing the run-time data collection (RTDC) system. We evaluate the feasibility of the AML-RTDC approach with a demonstration case about a lab-sized production system and a use case based on real-world requirements.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Production system operators need support for collecting and pre-processing data on production systems consisting of several system components, as foundation for optimization and defect detection. Traditional approaches based on hard-coded programming of such runtime data collection systems take time and effort, and require both domain and technology knowledge. In this article, we introduce the AML-RTDC approach, which combines the strengths of AutomationML (AML) data modeling and model-driven engineering, to reduce the manual effort for realizing the run-time data collection (RTDC) system. We evaluate the feasibility of the AML-RTDC approach with a demonstration case about a lab-sized production system and a use case based on real-world requirements. |
Ángel, Mora Segura; de Lara, Juan; Neubauer, Patrick; Wimmer, Manuel Automated modelling assistance by integrating heterogeneous information sources Journal Article Computer Languages, Systems & Structures, 53 , pp. 90-120, 2018, ISSN: 1477-8424. @article{Angel2018, title = {Automated modelling assistance by integrating heterogeneous information sources}, author = {Mora Segura Ángel and Juan de Lara and Patrick Neubauer and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1016/j.cl.2018.02.002}, issn = {1477-8424}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-00-00}, journal = {Computer Languages, Systems & Structures}, volume = {53}, pages = {90-120}, abstract = {Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) uses models as its main assets in the software development process. The structure of a model is described through a meta-model. Even though modelling and meta-modelling are recurrent activities in MDE and a vast amount of MDE tools exist nowadays, they are tasks typically performed in an unassisted way. Usually, these tools cannot extract useful knowledge available in heterogeneous information sources like XML, RDF, CSV or other models and meta-models. We propose an approach to provide modelling and meta-modelling assistance. The approach gathers heterogeneous information sources in various technological spaces, and represents them uniformly in a common data model. This enables their uniform querying, by means of an extensible mechanism, which can make use of services, e.g., for synonym search and word sense analysis. The query results can then be easily incorporated into the (meta-)model being built. The approach has been realized in the Extremo tool, developed as an Eclipse plugin. Extremo has been validated in the context of two domains – production systems and process modelling – taking into account a large and complex industrial standard for classification and product description. Further validation results indicate that the integration of Extremo in various modelling environments can be achieved with low effort, and that the tool is able to handle information from most existing technological spaces.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) uses models as its main assets in the software development process. The structure of a model is described through a meta-model. Even though modelling and meta-modelling are recurrent activities in MDE and a vast amount of MDE tools exist nowadays, they are tasks typically performed in an unassisted way. Usually, these tools cannot extract useful knowledge available in heterogeneous information sources like XML, RDF, CSV or other models and meta-models. We propose an approach to provide modelling and meta-modelling assistance. The approach gathers heterogeneous information sources in various technological spaces, and represents them uniformly in a common data model. This enables their uniform querying, by means of an extensible mechanism, which can make use of services, e.g., for synonym search and word sense analysis. The query results can then be easily incorporated into the (meta-)model being built. The approach has been realized in the Extremo tool, developed as an Eclipse plugin. Extremo has been validated in the context of two domains – production systems and process modelling – taking into account a large and complex industrial standard for classification and product description. Further validation results indicate that the integration of Extremo in various modelling environments can be achieved with low effort, and that the tool is able to handle information from most existing technological spaces. |
2017 |
Bergmayr, Alexander; Breitenbücher, Uwe; Ferry, Nicolas; Rossini, Alessandro; Solberg, Anor; Wimmer, Manuel; Kappel, Gerti; Leymann, Frank A Systematic Review of Cloud Modeling Languages Journal Article ACM Computing Surveys, pp. 1-39, 2017. @article{Leymann01.1, title = {A Systematic Review of Cloud Modeling Languages}, author = {Alexander Bergmayr and Uwe Breitenbücher and Nicolas Ferry and Alessandro Rossini and Anor Solberg and Manuel Wimmer and Gerti Kappel and Frank Leymann}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-20}, journal = {ACM Computing Surveys}, pages = {1-39}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Bill, Robert; Fleck, Martin; Troya, Javier; Mayerhofer, Tanja; Wimmer, Manuel A Local and Global Tour on MOMoT Journal Article Software and Systems Modeling, 2017. @article{Wimmer11.1, title = {A Local and Global Tour on MOMoT}, author = {Robert Bill and Martin Fleck and Javier Troya and Tanja Mayerhofer and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-20}, journal = {Software and Systems Modeling}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Bruneliere, Hugo; Burger, Erik; Cabot, Jordi; Wimmer, Manuel A feature-based survey of model view approaches Journal Article Software and Systems Modeling, pp. 1-22, 2017. @article{Wimmer2017, title = {A feature-based survey of model view approaches}, author = {Hugo Bruneliere and Erik Burger and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1007/s10270-017-0622-9}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-15}, journal = {Software and Systems Modeling}, pages = {1-22}, abstract = {When dealing with complex systems, information is very often fragmented across many different models expressed within a variety of (modeling) languages. To provide the relevant information in an appropriate way to different kinds of stakeholders, (parts of) such models have to be combined and potentially revamped by focusing on concerns of particular interest for them. Thus, mechanisms to define and compute views over models are highly needed. Several approaches have already been proposed to provide (semi)automated support for dealing with such model views. This paper provides a detailed overview of the current state of the art in this area. To achieve this, we relied on our own experiences of designing and applying such solutions in order to conduct a literature review on this topic. As a result, we discuss the main capabilities of existing approaches and propose a corresponding research agenda. We notably contribute a feature model describing what we believe to be the most important characteristics of the support for views on models. We expect this work to be helpful to both current and potential future users and developers of model view techniques, as well as to any person generally interested in model-based software and systems engineering.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } When dealing with complex systems, information is very often fragmented across many different models expressed within a variety of (modeling) languages. To provide the relevant information in an appropriate way to different kinds of stakeholders, (parts of) such models have to be combined and potentially revamped by focusing on concerns of particular interest for them. Thus, mechanisms to define and compute views over models are highly needed. Several approaches have already been proposed to provide (semi)automated support for dealing with such model views. This paper provides a detailed overview of the current state of the art in this area. To achieve this, we relied on our own experiences of designing and applying such solutions in order to conduct a literature review on this topic. As a result, we discuss the main capabilities of existing approaches and propose a corresponding research agenda. We notably contribute a feature model describing what we believe to be the most important characteristics of the support for views on models. We expect this work to be helpful to both current and potential future users and developers of model view techniques, as well as to any person generally interested in model-based software and systems engineering. |
Mansoor, Usman; Kessentini, Marouane; Wimmer, Manuel; Deb, Kalyanmoy Multi-view refactoring of class and activity diagrams using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm Journal Article Software Quality Journal, 25 (2), pp. 473-501, 2017, ISSN: 1573-1367. @article{Mansoor2017mvr, title = {Multi-view refactoring of class and activity diagrams using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm}, author = {Usman Mansoor and Marouane Kessentini and Manuel Wimmer and Kalyanmoy Deb}, doi = {10.1007/s11219-015-9284-4}, issn = {1573-1367}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-01}, journal = {Software Quality Journal}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {473-501}, abstract = {To improve the quality of software systems, one of the widely used techniques is refactoring defined as the process of improving the design of an existing system by changing its internal structure without altering the external behavior. The majority of existing refactoring work focuses mainly on the source code level. The suggestion of refactorings at the model level is more challenging due to the difficulty to evaluate: (a) the impact of the suggested refactorings applied to a diagram on other related diagrams to improve the overall system quality, (b) their feasibility, and (c) interdiagram consistency. We propose, in this paper, a novel framework that enables software designers to apply refactoring at the model level. To this end, we used a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to find a trade-off between improving the quality of class and activity diagrams. The proposed multi-objective approach provides a multi-view for software designers to evaluate the impact of suggested refactorings applied to class diagrams on related activity diagrams in order to evaluate the overall quality, and check their feasibility and behavior preservation. The statistical evaluation performed on models extracted from four open-source systems confirms the efficiency of our approach.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To improve the quality of software systems, one of the widely used techniques is refactoring defined as the process of improving the design of an existing system by changing its internal structure without altering the external behavior. The majority of existing refactoring work focuses mainly on the source code level. The suggestion of refactorings at the model level is more challenging due to the difficulty to evaluate: (a) the impact of the suggested refactorings applied to a diagram on other related diagrams to improve the overall system quality, (b) their feasibility, and (c) interdiagram consistency. We propose, in this paper, a novel framework that enables software designers to apply refactoring at the model level. To this end, we used a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to find a trade-off between improving the quality of class and activity diagrams. The proposed multi-objective approach provides a multi-view for software designers to evaluate the impact of suggested refactorings applied to class diagrams on related activity diagrams in order to evaluate the overall quality, and check their feasibility and behavior preservation. The statistical evaluation performed on models extracted from four open-source systems confirms the efficiency of our approach. |
Kessentini, Marouane; Wimmer, Manuel Guest Editorial Special Issue on Computational Intelligence for Software Engineering and Services Computing Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence, 1 (3), pp. 143-144, 2017, ISSN: 2471-285X. @article{Kessentini2017gesi, title = {Guest Editorial Special Issue on Computational Intelligence for Software Engineering and Services Computing}, author = {Marouane Kessentini and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1109/TETCI.2017.2700659}, issn = {2471-285X}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-29}, booktitle = {IEEE Trans. Emerging Topics in Comput. Intellig.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {143-144}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Bousse, Erwan; Leroy, Dorian; Combemale, Benoit; Wimmer, Manuel; Baudry, Benoit Omniscient debugging for executable DSLs Journal Article Journal of Systems and Software, 137 , pp. 261-288, 2017, ISSN: 0164-1212. @article{Bousse2017od, title = {Omniscient debugging for executable DSLs}, author = {Erwan Bousse and Dorian Leroy and Benoit Combemale and Manuel Wimmer and Benoit Baudry}, doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2017.11.025}, issn = {0164-1212}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Systems and Software}, volume = {137}, pages = {261-288}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Mayerhofer, Tanja; Wimmer, Manuel; Berardinelli, Luca; Drath, Rainer A Model-Driven Engineering Workbench for CAEX Supporting Language Customization and Evolution Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017, ISSN: 1551-3203. @article{Mayerhofer2017mdew, title = {A Model-Driven Engineering Workbench for CAEX Supporting Language Customization and Evolution}, author = {Tanja Mayerhofer and Manuel Wimmer and Luca Berardinelli and Rainer Drath}, doi = {10.1109/TII.2017.2786780}, issn = {1551-3203}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Books
2017 |
Brambilla, Marco; Cabot, Jordi; Wimmer, Manuel Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice Book 2, 2017, ISBN: 9781627057080. @book{Brambilla2017mdse, title = {Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice}, author = {Marco Brambilla and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer}, isbn = {9781627057080}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, edition = {2}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
Book Chapters
2017 |
Berardinelli, Luca; Mazak, Alexandra; Alt, Oliver; Wimmer, Manuel; Kappel, Gerti Model-Driven Systems Engineering: Principles and Applications in the CPPS Domain Book Chapter Biffl, Stefan; Lueder, Arndt; Gerhard, Detlef (Ed.): Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems: Data Models and Software Solutions for Handling Complex Engineering Projects, pp. 261-299, Springer International Publishing, 2017, ISBN: 978-3-319-56345-9. @inbook{Berardinelli2017mdse, title = {Model-Driven Systems Engineering: Principles and Applications in the CPPS Domain}, author = {Luca Berardinelli and Alexandra Mazak and Oliver Alt and Manuel Wimmer and Gerti Kappel}, editor = {Stefan Biffl and Arndt Lueder and Detlef Gerhard}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-56345-9_11}, isbn = {978-3-319-56345-9}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-07}, booktitle = {Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems: Data Models and Software Solutions for Handling Complex Engineering Projects}, pages = {261-299}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {To engineer large, complex, and interdisciplinary systems, modeling is considered as the universal technique to understand and simplify reality through abstraction, and thus, models are in the center as the most important artifacts throughout interdisciplinary activities within model-driven engineering processes. Model-Driven Systems Engineering (MDSE) is a systems engineering paradigm that promotes the systematic adoption of models throughout the engineering process by identifying and integrating appropriate concepts, languages, techniques, and tools. This chapter discusses current advances as well as challenges towards the adoption of model-driven approaches in cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) engineering. In particular, we discuss how modeling standards, modeling languages, and model transformations are employed to support current systems engineering processes in the CPPS domain, and we show their integration and application based on a case study concerning a lab-sized production system. The major outcome of this case study is the realization of an automated engineering tool chain, including the languages SysML, AML, and PMIF, to perform early design and validation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } To engineer large, complex, and interdisciplinary systems, modeling is considered as the universal technique to understand and simplify reality through abstraction, and thus, models are in the center as the most important artifacts throughout interdisciplinary activities within model-driven engineering processes. Model-Driven Systems Engineering (MDSE) is a systems engineering paradigm that promotes the systematic adoption of models throughout the engineering process by identifying and integrating appropriate concepts, languages, techniques, and tools. This chapter discusses current advances as well as challenges towards the adoption of model-driven approaches in cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) engineering. In particular, we discuss how modeling standards, modeling languages, and model transformations are employed to support current systems engineering processes in the CPPS domain, and we show their integration and application based on a case study concerning a lab-sized production system. The major outcome of this case study is the realization of an automated engineering tool chain, including the languages SysML, AML, and PMIF, to perform early design and validation. |
Whitepapers
2018 |
Wally, Bernhard Provisioning for MES and ERP - Support for IEC 62264-2 and B2MML Technical Manual TU Wien, AutomationML e.V. 2018. @manual{Wally2018AR, title = {Provisioning for MES and ERP - Support for IEC 62264-2 and B2MML}, author = {Bernhard Wally}, url = {https://www.automationml.org/o.red.c/news-236.html}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-06}, organization = {TU Wien, AutomationML e.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {manual} } |
Inproceedings
2020 |
Franch, Xavier; Seyff, Norbert; Oriol, Marc; Fricker, Samuel; Groher, Iris; Vierhauser, Michael; Wimmer, Manuel Towards Integrating Data-Driven Requirements Engineering into the Software Development Process: A Vision Paper Inproceedings Madhavji, Nazim; Pasquale, Liliana (Ed.): 26th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2020, Pisa, Italy, March 24-27, 2020, was postponed, pp. 135-142, Springer, 2020. @inproceedings{FranchSOFGVW20, title = {Towards Integrating Data-Driven Requirements Engineering into the Software Development Process: A Vision Paper}, author = {Xavier Franch and Norbert Seyff and Marc Oriol and Samuel Fricker and Iris Groher and Michael Vierhauser and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {Nazim Madhavji and Liliana Pasquale}, doi = {10.1007%2F978-3-030-44429-7_10}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-19}, booktitle = {26th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2020, Pisa, Italy, March 24-27, 2020, was postponed}, volume = {12045}, pages = {135-142}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, abstract = {[Context and motivation] Modern software engineering processes have shifted from traditional upfront requirements engineering (RE) to a more continuous way of conducting RE, particularly including data-driven approaches. [Question/problem] However, current research on data-driven RE focuses more on leveraging certain techniques such as natural language processing or machine learning than on making the concept fit for facilitating its use in the entire software development process. [Principal ideas/results] In this paper, we propose a research agenda composed of six distinct research directions. These include a data-driven RE infrastructure, embracing data heterogeneity, context-aware adaptation, data analysis and decision support, privacy and confidentiality, and finally process integration. Each of these directions addresses challenges that impede the broader use of data-driven RE. [Contribution] For researchers, our research agenda provides topics relevant to investigate. For practitioners, overcoming the underlying challenges with the help of the proposed research will allow to adopt a data-driven RE approach and facilitate its seamless integration into modern software engineering. For users, the proposed research will enable the transparency, control, and security needed to trust software systems and software providers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } [Context and motivation] Modern software engineering processes have shifted from traditional upfront requirements engineering (RE) to a more continuous way of conducting RE, particularly including data-driven approaches. [Question/problem] However, current research on data-driven RE focuses more on leveraging certain techniques such as natural language processing or machine learning than on making the concept fit for facilitating its use in the entire software development process. [Principal ideas/results] In this paper, we propose a research agenda composed of six distinct research directions. These include a data-driven RE infrastructure, embracing data heterogeneity, context-aware adaptation, data analysis and decision support, privacy and confidentiality, and finally process integration. Each of these directions addresses challenges that impede the broader use of data-driven RE. [Contribution] For researchers, our research agenda provides topics relevant to investigate. For practitioners, overcoming the underlying challenges with the help of the proposed research will allow to adopt a data-driven RE approach and facilitate its seamless integration into modern software engineering. For users, the proposed research will enable the transparency, control, and security needed to trust software systems and software providers. |
Neubauer, Patrick; Bill, Robert; Kolovos, Dimitris S; Paige, Richard F; Wimmer, Manuel Reusable Textual Notations for Domain-Specific Languages Inproceedings Brucker, Achim D; Daniel, Gwendal; Jouault, Frédéric (Ed.): 19th International Workshop in OCL and Textual Modeling (OCL 2019) co-located with IEEE/ACM 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2019), Munich, Germany, September 16, 2019, pp. 67-80, CEUR-WS.org, 2020. @inproceedings{NeubauerBKPW19, title = {Reusable Textual Notations for Domain-Specific Languages}, author = {Patrick Neubauer and Robert Bill and Dimitris S. Kolovos and Richard F. Paige and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {Achim D. Brucker and Gwendal Daniel and Frédéric Jouault}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2513/paper6.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-12}, booktitle = {19th International Workshop in OCL and Textual Modeling (OCL 2019) co-located with IEEE/ACM 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2019), Munich, Germany, September 16, 2019}, volume = {2513}, pages = {67-80}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, abstract = {Domain-specific languages enable concise and precise formalization of domain concepts and promote direct employment by domain experts. Therefore, syntactic constructs are introduced to empower users to associate concepts and relationships with visual textual symbols. Model-based language engineering facilitates the description of concepts and relationships in an abstract manner. However, concrete representations are commonly attached to abstract do-main representations, such as annotations in metamodels, or directly encoded into language grammar and thus introduce redundancy between metamodel elements and grammar elements. In this work, we propose an approach that enables autonomous development and maintenance of domain concepts and textual language notations in a distinctive and metamodel-agnostic manner by employing style models containing grammar rule templates and injection-based property selection. We provide an implementation and showcase the proposed notation-specification language in a comparison with state of the art practices during the creation of notations for an executable domain-specific modeling language based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework and Xtext.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Domain-specific languages enable concise and precise formalization of domain concepts and promote direct employment by domain experts. Therefore, syntactic constructs are introduced to empower users to associate concepts and relationships with visual textual symbols. Model-based language engineering facilitates the description of concepts and relationships in an abstract manner. However, concrete representations are commonly attached to abstract do-main representations, such as annotations in metamodels, or directly encoded into language grammar and thus introduce redundancy between metamodel elements and grammar elements. In this work, we propose an approach that enables autonomous development and maintenance of domain concepts and textual language notations in a distinctive and metamodel-agnostic manner by employing style models containing grammar rule templates and injection-based property selection. We provide an implementation and showcase the proposed notation-specification language in a comparison with state of the art practices during the creation of notations for an executable domain-specific modeling language based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework and Xtext. |
John, Stefan; Burdusel, Alexandru; Bill, Robert; Strüber, Daniel; Taentzer, Gabriele; Zschaler, Steffen; Wimmer, Manuel Searching for Optimal Models: Comparing Two Encoding Approaches Inproceedings Felderer, Michael; Hasselbring, Wilhelm; Rabiser, Rick; Jung, Reiner (Ed.): Software Engineering 2020, Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria , pp. 101-103, Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 2020. @inproceedings{John2019som, title = {Searching for Optimal Models: Comparing Two Encoding Approaches}, author = {Stefan John and Alexandru Burdusel and Robert Bill and Daniel Strüber and Gabriele Taentzer and Steffen Zschaler and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {Michael Felderer and Wilhelm Hasselbring and Rick Rabiser and Reiner Jung}, doi = {10.18420/SE2020\_30}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-06}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2020, Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria }, volume = {P-300}, pages = {101-103}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, series = {LNI}, abstract = {Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) is about solving software development problems by formulating them as optimisation problems. In the last years, combining SBSE and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), where models and model transformations are treated as key artifacts in the development of complex systems, has become increasingly popular. While search-based techniques have often successfully been applied to tackle MDE problems, a recent line of research investigates how a model-driven design can make optimisation more easily accessible to a wider audience. In previous model-driven optimisation efforts, a major design decision concerns the way in which solutions are encoded. Two main options have been explored: a model-based encoding representing candidate solutions as models, and a rule-based encoding representing them as sequences of transformation rule applications. While both encodings have been applied to different use cases, no study has yet compared them systematically. To close this gap, we evaluate both approaches on a common set of optimization problems, investigating their impact on the optimization performance. Additionally, we discuss their differences, strengths, and weaknesses laying the foundation for a knowledgeable choice of the right encoding for the right problem.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) is about solving software development problems by formulating them as optimisation problems. In the last years, combining SBSE and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), where models and model transformations are treated as key artifacts in the development of complex systems, has become increasingly popular. While search-based techniques have often successfully been applied to tackle MDE problems, a recent line of research investigates how a model-driven design can make optimisation more easily accessible to a wider audience. In previous model-driven optimisation efforts, a major design decision concerns the way in which solutions are encoded. Two main options have been explored: a model-based encoding representing candidate solutions as models, and a rule-based encoding representing them as sequences of transformation rule applications. While both encodings have been applied to different use cases, no study has yet compared them systematically. To close this gap, we evaluate both approaches on a common set of optimization problems, investigating their impact on the optimization performance. Additionally, we discuss their differences, strengths, and weaknesses laying the foundation for a knowledgeable choice of the right encoding for the right problem. |
Combemale, Benoît; Wimmer, Manuel Towards a Model-Based DevOps for Cyber-Physical Systems Inproceedings Bruel, Jean-Michel; Mazzara, Manuel; Meyer, Bertrand (Ed.): Software Engineering Aspects of Continuous Development and New Paradigms of Software Production and Deployment - Second International Workshop, DEVOPS 2019, Château de Villebrumier, France, May 6-8, 2019, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, 2020. @inproceedings{CombemaleW19, title = {Towards a Model-Based DevOps for Cyber-Physical Systems}, author = {Benoît Combemale and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {Jean-Michel Bruel and Manuel Mazzara and Bertrand Meyer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-39306-9\_6}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-21}, booktitle = {Software Engineering Aspects of Continuous Development and New Paradigms of Software Production and Deployment - Second International Workshop, DEVOPS 2019, Château de Villebrumier, France, May 6-8, 2019, Revised Selected Papers}, volume = {12055}, number = {84-94}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, abstract = {The emerging field of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) calls for new scenarios of the use of models. In particular, CPS require to support both the integration of physical and cyber parts in innovative complex systems or production chains, together with the management of the data gathered from the environment to drive dynamic reconfiguration at runtime or finding improved designs. In such a context, the engineering of CPS must rely on models to uniformly reason about various heterogeneous concerns all along the system life cycle. In the last decades, the use of models has been intensively investigated both at design time for driving the development of complex systems, and at runtime as a reasoning layer to support deployment, monitoring and runtime adaptations. However, the approaches remain mostly independent. With the advent of DevOps principles, the engineering of CPS would benefit from supporting a smooth continuum of models from design to runtime, and vice versa. In this vision paper, we introduce a vision for supporting model-based DevOps practices, and we infer the corresponding research roadmap for the modeling community to address this vision by discussing a CPS demonstrator. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The emerging field of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) calls for new scenarios of the use of models. In particular, CPS require to support both the integration of physical and cyber parts in innovative complex systems or production chains, together with the management of the data gathered from the environment to drive dynamic reconfiguration at runtime or finding improved designs. In such a context, the engineering of CPS must rely on models to uniformly reason about various heterogeneous concerns all along the system life cycle. In the last decades, the use of models has been intensively investigated both at design time for driving the development of complex systems, and at runtime as a reasoning layer to support deployment, monitoring and runtime adaptations. However, the approaches remain mostly independent. With the advent of DevOps principles, the engineering of CPS would benefit from supporting a smooth continuum of models from design to runtime, and vice versa. In this vision paper, we introduce a vision for supporting model-based DevOps practices, and we infer the corresponding research roadmap for the modeling community to address this vision by discussing a CPS demonstrator. |
2019 |
Bousse, Erwan; Wimmer, Manuel Domain-Level Observation and Control for Compiled Executable DSLs Inproceedings Kessentini, Marouane; Yue, Tao; Pretschner, Alexander; Voss, Sebastian; Burgueno, Loli (Ed.): 22nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2019, Munich, Germany, September 15-20, 2019, pp. 150-160, IEEE, 2019. @inproceedings{BousseW19, title = {Domain-Level Observation and Control for Compiled Executable DSLs}, author = {Erwan Bousse and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {Marouane Kessentini and Tao Yue and Alexander Pretschner and Sebastian Voss and Loli Burgueno}, doi = {10.1109/MODELS.2019.000-6}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-02}, booktitle = {22nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2019, Munich, Germany, September 15-20, 2019}, pages = {150-160}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Executable Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are commonly defined with either operational semantics (i.e., interpretation) or translational semantics (i.e., compilation). An interpreted DSL relies on domain concepts to specify the possible execution states and steps, which enables the observation and control of executions using the very same domain concepts. In contrast, a compiled DSL relies on a transformation to an arbitrarily different target language. This creates a conceptual gap, where the execution can only be observed and controlled through target domain concepts, to the detriment of experts or tools that only understand the source domain. To address this problem, we propose a language engineering architecture for compiled DSLs that enables the observation and control of executions using source domain concepts. The architecture requires the definition of the source domain execution steps and states, along with a feedback manager that translates steps and states of the target domain back to the source domain. We evaluate the architecture with two different compiled DSLs, and show that it does enable domain-level observation and control while increasing execution time by 2× in the worst observed case.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Executable Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are commonly defined with either operational semantics (i.e., interpretation) or translational semantics (i.e., compilation). An interpreted DSL relies on domain concepts to specify the possible execution states and steps, which enables the observation and control of executions using the very same domain concepts. In contrast, a compiled DSL relies on a transformation to an arbitrarily different target language. This creates a conceptual gap, where the execution can only be observed and controlled through target domain concepts, to the detriment of experts or tools that only understand the source domain. To address this problem, we propose a language engineering architecture for compiled DSLs that enables the observation and control of executions using source domain concepts. The architecture requires the definition of the source domain execution steps and states, along with a feedback manager that translates steps and states of the target domain back to the source domain. We evaluate the architecture with two different compiled DSLs, and show that it does enable domain-level observation and control while increasing execution time by 2× in the worst observed case. |
Wolny, Sabine; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel Automatic Reverse Engineering of Interaction Models from System Logs Inproceedings Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Zaragoza, Spain, September 10-13, 2019, pp. 57-64, IEEE, 2019. @inproceedings{Wolny2019reverse, title = {Automatic Reverse Engineering of Interaction Models from System Logs}, author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/case-study-artefacts-for-etfa-2019/}, doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869502}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-24}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Zaragoza, Spain, September 10-13, 2019}, pages = {57-64}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Nowadays, software- as well as hardware systems produce log files that enable a continuous monitoring of the system during its execution. Unfortunately, such text-based log traces are very long and difficult to read, and therefore, reasoning and analyzing runtime behavior is not straightforward. However, dealing with log traces is especially needed in cases, where (i) the execution of the system did not perform as intended, (ii) the process flow is unknown because there are no records, and/or (iii) the design models do not correspond to its realworld counterpart. These facts cause that log data has to be prepared in a more user-friendly way (e.g., in form of graphical representations) and it takes that algorithms are needed for automatically monitoring the system’s operation, and for tracking the system components interaction patterns. For this purpose we present an approach for transforming raw sensor data logs to a UML or SysML sequence diagram in order to provide a graphical representation for tracking log traces in a time-ordered manner. Based on this sequence diagram, we automatically identify interaction models in order to analyze the runtime behavior of system components. We implement this approach as prototypical plug-in in the modeling tool Enterprise Architect and evaluate it by an example of a self-driving car.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Nowadays, software- as well as hardware systems produce log files that enable a continuous monitoring of the system during its execution. Unfortunately, such text-based log traces are very long and difficult to read, and therefore, reasoning and analyzing runtime behavior is not straightforward. However, dealing with log traces is especially needed in cases, where (i) the execution of the system did not perform as intended, (ii) the process flow is unknown because there are no records, and/or (iii) the design models do not correspond to its realworld counterpart. These facts cause that log data has to be prepared in a more user-friendly way (e.g., in form of graphical representations) and it takes that algorithms are needed for automatically monitoring the system’s operation, and for tracking the system components interaction patterns. For this purpose we present an approach for transforming raw sensor data logs to a UML or SysML sequence diagram in order to provide a graphical representation for tracking log traces in a time-ordered manner. Based on this sequence diagram, we automatically identify interaction models in order to analyze the runtime behavior of system components. We implement this approach as prototypical plug-in in the modeling tool Enterprise Architect and evaluate it by an example of a self-driving car. |
Wally, Bernhard; Lang, Laurens; Wlodarski, Rafal; Sindelar, Radek; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel Generating Structured AutomationML Models from IEC 62264 Information Inproceedings Proceedings of the 5th AutomationML PlugFest 2019, 2019. @inproceedings{Wally2019gsa, title = {Generating Structured AutomationML Models from IEC 62264 Information}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Laurens Lang and Rafal Wlodarski and Radek Sindelar and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/generating-structured-automationml/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-26}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th AutomationML PlugFest 2019}, abstract = {AutomationML provides a versatile modeling environment for the description of production systems. However, when starting a new AutomationML project, or when serializing existing data with the AutomationML format, there are no rules on how to structure these models in a meaningful way. In this work, we present an approach for structuring AutomationML models, based on the IEC 62264 standard. In our approach we are implementing the process of serializing IEC 62264 information declaratively, by leveraging the power of model transformations, as they are applied in the context of model-driven (software) engineering.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } AutomationML provides a versatile modeling environment for the description of production systems. However, when starting a new AutomationML project, or when serializing existing data with the AutomationML format, there are no rules on how to structure these models in a meaningful way. In this work, we present an approach for structuring AutomationML models, based on the IEC 62264 standard. In our approach we are implementing the process of serializing IEC 62264 information declaratively, by leveraging the power of model transformations, as they are applied in the context of model-driven (software) engineering. |
Wurl, Alexander; Falkner, Andreas; Haselböck, Alois; Mazak, Alexandra; Filzmoser, Peter Exploring Robustness in a Combined Feature Selection Approach Inproceedings Hammoudi, Slimane; Quix, Christoph; Bernardino, Jorge (Ed.): Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2019, Prague, Czech Republic, July 26-28, 2019, pp. 84-91, SciTePress, 2019. @inproceedings{Wurl2019exploring, title = {Exploring Robustness in a Combined Feature Selection Approach}, author = {Alexander Wurl and Andreas Falkner and Alois Haselböck and Alexandra Mazak and Peter Filzmoser}, editor = {Slimane Hammoudi and Christoph Quix and Jorge Bernardino}, doi = {10.5220/0007924400840091}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-18}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2019, Prague, Czech Republic, July 26-28, 2019}, pages = {84-91}, publisher = {SciTePress}, abstract = {A crucial task in the bidding phase of industrial systems is a precise prediction of the number of hardware components of specific types for the proposal of a future project. Linear regression models, trained on data of past projects, are efficient in supporting such decisions. The number of features used by these regression models should be as small as possible, so that determining their quantities generates minimal effort. The fact that training data are often ambiguous, incomplete, and contain outlier makes challenging demands on the robustness of the feature selection methods used. We present a combined feature selection approach: (i) iteratively learn a robust well-fitted statistical model and rule out irrelevant features, (ii) perform redundancy analysis to rule out dispensable features. In a case study from the domain of hardware management in Rail Automation we show that this approach assures robustness in the calculation of hardware components. Ist auch noch nicht online.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } A crucial task in the bidding phase of industrial systems is a precise prediction of the number of hardware components of specific types for the proposal of a future project. Linear regression models, trained on data of past projects, are efficient in supporting such decisions. The number of features used by these regression models should be as small as possible, so that determining their quantities generates minimal effort. The fact that training data are often ambiguous, incomplete, and contain outlier makes challenging demands on the robustness of the feature selection methods used. We present a combined feature selection approach: (i) iteratively learn a robust well-fitted statistical model and rule out irrelevant features, (ii) perform redundancy analysis to rule out dispensable features. In a case study from the domain of hardware management in Rail Automation we show that this approach assures robustness in the calculation of hardware components. Ist auch noch nicht online. |
Wurl, Alexander; Falkner, Andreas; Haselböck, Alois; Mazak, Alexandra A Conceptual Design of a Digital Companion for Failure Analysis in Rail Automation Inproceedings Becker, Jörg; Novikov, Dmitriy (Ed.): Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Conference on Business Informatics (CBI 2019), Moscow, Russia, July 15-17, 2019, Volume 1 - Research Papers, pp. 578–583, IEEE, 2019. @inproceedings{Wurl2019companion, title = {A Conceptual Design of a Digital Companion for Failure Analysis in Rail Automation}, author = {Alexander Wurl and Andreas Falkner and Alois Haselböck and Alexandra Mazak}, editor = {Jörg Becker and Dmitriy Novikov}, doi = {10.1109/CBI.2019.00073}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-27}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Conference on Business Informatics (CBI 2019), Moscow, Russia, July 15-17, 2019, Volume 1 - Research Papers}, pages = {578--583}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {In Rail Automation, a crucial task in the maintenance phase comprises the process of failure analysis. Domain experts are often faced with various challenges in analyzing large data volumes which reveal highly complex data structures. However, finding causes for potential failures and deciding how to optimize or repair the system may be extensively time consuming. To this end, we propose the concept of a digital companion which serves as continuous assistant recommending optimizations. A sequence of different data analytics methods within the digital companion enables the domain expert to reasonably manage and control the process of failure analysis. In illustrative examples, we give insights in the workflow of a digital companion and discuss the application in the domain of Rail Automation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } In Rail Automation, a crucial task in the maintenance phase comprises the process of failure analysis. Domain experts are often faced with various challenges in analyzing large data volumes which reveal highly complex data structures. However, finding causes for potential failures and deciding how to optimize or repair the system may be extensively time consuming. To this end, we propose the concept of a digital companion which serves as continuous assistant recommending optimizations. A sequence of different data analytics methods within the digital companion enables the domain expert to reasonably manage and control the process of failure analysis. In illustrative examples, we give insights in the workflow of a digital companion and discuss the application in the domain of Rail Automation. |
Wally, Bernhard; Vyskocil, Jiri; Novak, Petr; Huemer, Christian; Sindelar, Radek; Kadera, Petr; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel Production Planning with IEC 62264 and PDDL Inproceedings Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN 2019), 2019. @inproceedings{Wally2019durative, title = {Production Planning with IEC 62264 and PDDL}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Jiri Vyskocil and Petr Novak and Christian Huemer and Radek Sindelar and Petr Kadera and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-24}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN 2019)}, abstract = {Smart production systems need to be able to adapt to changing environments and market needs. They have to reflect changes in (i) the reconfiguration of the production systems themselves, (ii) the processes they perform or (iii) the products they produce. Manual intervention for system adaptation is costly and potentially error-prone. In this article, we propose a model-driven approach for the automatic generation and regeneration of production plans that can be triggered anytime a change in any of the three aforementioned parameters occurs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Smart production systems need to be able to adapt to changing environments and market needs. They have to reflect changes in (i) the reconfiguration of the production systems themselves, (ii) the processes they perform or (iii) the products they produce. Manual intervention for system adaptation is costly and potentially error-prone. In this article, we propose a model-driven approach for the automatic generation and regeneration of production plans that can be triggered anytime a change in any of the three aforementioned parameters occurs. |
Wolny, Sabine; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel; Huemer, Christian Model-driven Runtime State Identification Inproceedings Forthcoming Proceedings of the Conference on Digital Ecosystems of the Future: Methods, Techniques and Applications (EMISA), Forthcoming. @inproceedings{Wolny2019mdrsi, title = {Model-driven Runtime State Identification}, author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Christian Huemer}, url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EMISA_2019.pdf https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/case-study-artefacts-for-emisa-2019/ }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-00-00}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Digital Ecosystems of the Future: Methods, Techniques and Applications (EMISA)}, abstract = {With new advances such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT), more and more discrete software systems interact with continuous physical systems. State machines are a classical approach to specify the intended behavior of discrete systems during development. However, the actual realized behavior may deviate from those specified models due to environmental impacts, or measurement inaccuracies. Accordingly, data gathered at runtime should be validated against the specified model. A first step in this direction is to identify the individual system states of each execution of a system at runtime. This is a particular challenge for continuous systems where system states may be only identified by listening to sensor value streams. A further challenge is to raise these raw value streams on a model level for checking purposes. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a model-driven runtime state identification approach. In particular, we automatically derive corresponding time-series database queries from state machines in order to identify system runtime states based on the sensor value streams of running systems. We demonstrate our approach for a subset of SysML and evaluate it based on a case study of a simulated environment of a five-axes grip-arm robot within a working station.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } With new advances such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT), more and more discrete software systems interact with continuous physical systems. State machines are a classical approach to specify the intended behavior of discrete systems during development. However, the actual realized behavior may deviate from those specified models due to environmental impacts, or measurement inaccuracies. Accordingly, data gathered at runtime should be validated against the specified model. A first step in this direction is to identify the individual system states of each execution of a system at runtime. This is a particular challenge for continuous systems where system states may be only identified by listening to sensor value streams. A further challenge is to raise these raw value streams on a model level for checking purposes. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a model-driven runtime state identification approach. In particular, we automatically derive corresponding time-series database queries from state machines in order to identify system runtime states based on the sensor value streams of running systems. We demonstrate our approach for a subset of SysML and evaluate it based on a case study of a simulated environment of a five-axes grip-arm robot within a working station. |
2018 |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel IEC 62264-2 for AutomationML Inproceedings Proceedings of the 5th AutomationML User Conference, 2018. @inproceedings{Wally2018IECAML, title = {IEC 62264-2 for AutomationML}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-25}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th AutomationML User Conference}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Gómez, A; Cabot, Jordi; Wimmer, Manuel TemporalEMF: A Temporal Metamodeling Framework Inproceedings Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Gomez2018temporalEMF, title = {TemporalEMF: A Temporal Metamodeling Framework}, author = {A. Gómez and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-25}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2018)}, abstract = {Existing modeling tools provide direct access to the most current version of a model but very limited support to inspect the model state in the past. This typically requires looking for a model version (usually stored in some kind of external versioning system like Git) roughly corresponding to the desired period and using it to manually retrieve the required data. This approximate answer is not enough in scenarios that require a more precise and immediate response to temporal queries like complex collaborative co-engineering processes or runtime models. In this paper, we reuse well-known concepts from temporal languages to propose a temporal metamodeling framework, called TemporalEMF, that adds native temporal support for models. In our framework, models are automatically treated as temporal models and can be subjected to temporal queries to retrieve the model contents at different points in time. We have built our framework on top of the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). Behind the scenes, the history of a model is transparently stored in a NoSQL database. We evaluate the resulting TemporalEMF framework with an Industry 4.0 case study about a production system simulator. The results show good scalability for storing and accessing temporal models without requiring changes to the syntax and semantics of the simulator.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Existing modeling tools provide direct access to the most current version of a model but very limited support to inspect the model state in the past. This typically requires looking for a model version (usually stored in some kind of external versioning system like Git) roughly corresponding to the desired period and using it to manually retrieve the required data. This approximate answer is not enough in scenarios that require a more precise and immediate response to temporal queries like complex collaborative co-engineering processes or runtime models. In this paper, we reuse well-known concepts from temporal languages to propose a temporal metamodeling framework, called TemporalEMF, that adds native temporal support for models. In our framework, models are automatically treated as temporal models and can be subjected to temporal queries to retrieve the model contents at different points in time. We have built our framework on top of the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). Behind the scenes, the history of a model is transparently stored in a NoSQL database. We evaluate the resulting TemporalEMF framework with an Industry 4.0 case study about a production system simulator. The results show good scalability for storing and accessing temporal models without requiring changes to the syntax and semantics of the simulator. |
Wolny, Sabine; Mazak, Alexandra; Wally, Bernhard An Initial Mapping Study on MDE4IoT Inproceedings Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for the Internet-of-Things (MDE4IoT 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Wolny2018mde4iot, title = {An Initial Mapping Study on MDE4IoT}, author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Bernhard Wally}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for the Internet-of-Things (MDE4IoT 2018)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Rodriguez-Echeverria, R; Izquierdo, Canovas J; Cabot, Jordi; Wimmer, Manuel Towards a Language Server Protocol Infrastructure for Graphical Modeling Inproceedings Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 21st International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Echeverria2018lsp, title = {Towards a Language Server Protocol Infrastructure for Graphical Modeling}, author = {R. Rodriguez-Echeverria and J. Canovas Izquierdo and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-19}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 21st International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2018)}, abstract = {In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), models are often expressed following a graphical representation of their concepts and associations. MDE tooling allows developers to create models according to their graphical syntax and subsequently, generate code or other kind of models from them. However, the development of full-fledge graphical modeling tools is a challenging and complex task [18]. These tools usually address specific languages and platforms, as supporting multiple ones is not a viable option given the implementation and integration costs. Although the advantages of following the path defined by Language Server Protocol (LSP) are clear for IDE development aimed at graphical languages, currently the question about how to do it properly remains open as LSP has been defined without considering graphical languages. Basically, there is no scientific assessment or tool provider position on whether LSP provides enough expressiveness for graphical manipulations, whether it should be extended to support specific features of graphical edition or whether it would be best to ignore LSP in graphical modeling. Furthermore, LSP definition is still an ongoing work, thus it could be the right moment to suggest reasonable adaptations or extensions to provide support for graphical languages.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), models are often expressed following a graphical representation of their concepts and associations. MDE tooling allows developers to create models according to their graphical syntax and subsequently, generate code or other kind of models from them. However, the development of full-fledge graphical modeling tools is a challenging and complex task [18]. These tools usually address specific languages and platforms, as supporting multiple ones is not a viable option given the implementation and integration costs. Although the advantages of following the path defined by Language Server Protocol (LSP) are clear for IDE development aimed at graphical languages, currently the question about how to do it properly remains open as LSP has been defined without considering graphical languages. Basically, there is no scientific assessment or tool provider position on whether LSP provides enough expressiveness for graphical manipulations, whether it should be extended to support specific features of graphical edition or whether it would be best to ignore LSP in graphical modeling. Furthermore, LSP definition is still an ongoing work, thus it could be the right moment to suggest reasonable adaptations or extensions to provide support for graphical languages. |
Kessentini, Wael; Wimmer, Manuel; Sahraoui, Houari Integrating the Designer in-the-loop for Metamodel/Model Co-Evolution via Interactive Computational Search Inproceedings Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 21st International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), 2018. @inproceedings{Kessentini2018ditl, title = {Integrating the Designer in-the-loop for Metamodel/Model Co-Evolution via Interactive Computational Search}, author = {Wael Kessentini and Manuel Wimmer and Houari Sahraoui}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-19}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 21st International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS)}, abstract = {Metamodels evolve even more frequently than programming languages. This evolution process may result in a large number of instance models that are no longer conforming to the revised meta-model. On the one hand, the manual adaptation of models after the metamodels’ evolution can be tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming. On the other hand, the automated co-evolution of metamodels/models is challenging especially when new semantics is introduced to the metamodels. In this paper, we propose an interactive multi-objective approach that dynamically adapts and interactively suggests edit operations to developers and takes their feedback into consideration. Our approach uses NSGA-II to find a set of good edit operation sequences that minimizes the number of conformance errors, maximizes the similarity with the initial model (reduce the loss of information) and minimizes the number of proposed edit operations. The designer can approve, modify, or reject each of the recommended edit operations, and this feedback is then used to update the proposed rankings of recommended edit operations. We evaluated our approach on a set of metamodel/model coevolution case studies and compared it to fully automated coevolution techniques.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Metamodels evolve even more frequently than programming languages. This evolution process may result in a large number of instance models that are no longer conforming to the revised meta-model. On the one hand, the manual adaptation of models after the metamodels’ evolution can be tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming. On the other hand, the automated co-evolution of metamodels/models is challenging especially when new semantics is introduced to the metamodels. In this paper, we propose an interactive multi-objective approach that dynamically adapts and interactively suggests edit operations to developers and takes their feedback into consideration. Our approach uses NSGA-II to find a set of good edit operation sequences that minimizes the number of conformance errors, maximizes the similarity with the initial model (reduce the loss of information) and minimizes the number of proposed edit operations. The designer can approve, modify, or reject each of the recommended edit operations, and this feedback is then used to update the proposed rankings of recommended edit operations. We evaluated our approach on a set of metamodel/model coevolution case studies and compared it to fully automated coevolution techniques. |
Rodriguez-Echeverria, R; Izquierdo, Canovas J; Cabot, Jordi; Wimmer, Manuel An LSP infrastructure to build EMF language servers for web-deployable model editors Inproceedings Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering Tools (MDETools 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Echeverria2018lspemf, title = {An LSP infrastructure to build EMF language servers for web-deployable model editors}, author = {R. Rodriguez-Echeverria and J. Canovas Izquierdo and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-15}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering Tools (MDETools 2018)}, abstract = {The development of modern IDEs is still a challenging and time-consuming task, which requires implementing the support for language-specific features such as syntax highlighting or validation. When the IDE targets a graphical language, its development becomes even more complex due to the renderingand manipulation of the graphical notation symbols. To simplify the development of IDEs, the Language Server Protocol (LSP) proposes a decoupled approach based on language-agnostic clients and language-specific servers. LSP clients communicate changes to LSP servers, which validate and store language in-stances. However, LSP only addresses textual languages (i.e., character as atomic unit) and neglects the support for graphical ones (i.e., nodes/edges as atomic units). In this paper, we introduce a novel LSP infrastructure to simplify the development of new graphical modeling tools, in which Web technologies may be used for editor front-ends while leveraging existing modeling frameworks to build language servers. More concretely, in this work, we present the architecture of our LSP infrastructure, based on LSP4J, to build EMF-based graphical language servers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The development of modern IDEs is still a challenging and time-consuming task, which requires implementing the support for language-specific features such as syntax highlighting or validation. When the IDE targets a graphical language, its development becomes even more complex due to the renderingand manipulation of the graphical notation symbols. To simplify the development of IDEs, the Language Server Protocol (LSP) proposes a decoupled approach based on language-agnostic clients and language-specific servers. LSP clients communicate changes to LSP servers, which validate and store language in-stances. However, LSP only addresses textual languages (i.e., character as atomic unit) and neglects the support for graphical ones (i.e., nodes/edges as atomic units). In this paper, we introduce a novel LSP infrastructure to simplify the development of new graphical modeling tools, in which Web technologies may be used for editor front-ends while leveraging existing modeling frameworks to build language servers. More concretely, in this work, we present the architecture of our LSP infrastructure, based on LSP4J, to build EMF-based graphical language servers. |
Bordeleau, F; Combemale, Benoit; Eramo, R; den Brand, Van M; Wimmer, Manuel Tool-Support of Socio-Technical Coordination in the Context of Heterogeneous Modeling Inproceedings Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on The Globalization of Modeling Languages (GEMOC), 2018. @inproceedings{Bordeleau2018stc, title = {Tool-Support of Socio-Technical Coordination in the Context of Heterogeneous Modeling}, author = {F. Bordeleau and Benoit Combemale and R. Eramo and M. Van den Brand and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-15}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on The Globalization of Modeling Languages (GEMOC)}, abstract = {The growing complexity of everyday life systems (and devices)over the last decades has forced the industry to use and investigate different development techniques to manage the many different aspects of the systems. In this context, the use of model driven engineering (MDE) has emerged and is now common practice for many engineering disciplines. However, this comes with important challenges. As set of main challenges relates to the fact that different modeling techniques, languages, and tools are required to deal with the different system aspects, and that support is required to ensure consistence and coherence between the different models. This paper identifies a number of the challenges and paints a roadmap on how tooling can support a multi-model integrated way of working.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The growing complexity of everyday life systems (and devices)over the last decades has forced the industry to use and investigate different development techniques to manage the many different aspects of the systems. In this context, the use of model driven engineering (MDE) has emerged and is now common practice for many engineering disciplines. However, this comes with important challenges. As set of main challenges relates to the fact that different modeling techniques, languages, and tools are required to deal with the different system aspects, and that support is required to ensure consistence and coherence between the different models. This paper identifies a number of the challenges and paints a roadmap on how tooling can support a multi-model integrated way of working. |
Ciccozzi, F; Famelis, M; Kappel, Gerti; Lambers, L; Paige, R; Pierantonio, A; Rensink, A; Taentzer, G; Vallecillo, Antonio; Wimmer, Manuel Towards a Body of Knowledge for Model-Based Software Engineering Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th Educators Symposium at MODELS, 2018. @inproceedings{Ciccozzi2018bkmbse, title = {Towards a Body of Knowledge for Model-Based Software Engineering}, author = {F. Ciccozzi and M. Famelis and Gerti Kappel and L. Lambers and R. Paige and A. Pierantonio and A. Rensink and G. Taentzer and Antonio Vallecillo and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-15}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Educators Symposium at MODELS}, abstract = {Model-based Software Engineering (MBSE) is now accepted as a Software Engineering (SE) discipline and is being taught as part of more general SE curricula. However, an agreed core of concepts,mechanisms and practices — which constitutes the Body of Knowledge of a discipline — has not been captured anywhere, and is only partially covered by the SE Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). With the goals of characterizing the contents of the MBSE discipline,promoting a consistent view of it worldwide, clarifying its scope with regard to other SE disciplines, and defining a foundation for a curriculum development on MBSE, this paper provides a proposal for an extension of the contents of SWEBOK with the set of fundamental concepts, terms and mechanisms that should constitute the MBSE Body of Knowledge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Model-based Software Engineering (MBSE) is now accepted as a Software Engineering (SE) discipline and is being taught as part of more general SE curricula. However, an agreed core of concepts,mechanisms and practices — which constitutes the Body of Knowledge of a discipline — has not been captured anywhere, and is only partially covered by the SE Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). With the goals of characterizing the contents of the MBSE discipline,promoting a consistent view of it worldwide, clarifying its scope with regard to other SE disciplines, and defining a foundation for a curriculum development on MBSE, this paper provides a proposal for an extension of the contents of SWEBOK with the set of fundamental concepts, terms and mechanisms that should constitute the MBSE Body of Knowledge. |
Pierantonio, A; Ciccozzi, F; Famelis, M; Kappel, Gerti; Lambers, L; Mosser, S; Paige, R; Rensink, A; Salay, R; Taentzer, G; Vallecillo, Antonio; Wimmer, Manuel How do we teach Modelling and Model-Driven Engineering? A survey Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th Educators Symposium at MODELS, 2018. @inproceedings{Pierantonio2018teach, title = {How do we teach Modelling and Model-Driven Engineering? A survey}, author = {A. Pierantonio and F. Ciccozzi and M. Famelis and Gerti Kappel and L. Lambers and S. Mosser and R. Paige and A. Rensink and R. Salay and G. Taentzer and Antonio Vallecillo and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-15}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Educators Symposium at MODELS}, abstract = {Understanding the experiences of instructors teaching modelling and model-driven engineering is of great relevance to determining how MDE courses should be managed in terms of content, assessment, and teaching methods. In this paper, we report the results of a survey of 47 instructors in this field. Questions address course content, tools and technologies used, as well as positive and negative factors affecting learning outcomes. We analyse the results and summarise key findings with the potential of improving the state of teaching and learning practices. The survey is a preliminary effort in giving a structured overview on the state-of-the-practice within teaching modeling and model-driven engineering (from the point of view of the instructor).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Understanding the experiences of instructors teaching modelling and model-driven engineering is of great relevance to determining how MDE courses should be managed in terms of content, assessment, and teaching methods. In this paper, we report the results of a survey of 47 instructors in this field. Questions address course content, tools and technologies used, as well as positive and negative factors affecting learning outcomes. We analyse the results and summarise key findings with the potential of improving the state of teaching and learning practices. The survey is a preliminary effort in giving a structured overview on the state-of-the-practice within teaching modeling and model-driven engineering (from the point of view of the instructor). |
Isakovic, Haris; Ratasich, Denise; Hirsch, Christian; Platzer, Michael; Wally, Bernhard; Rausch, Thomas; Nickovic, Dejan; Krenn, Willibald; Kappel, Gerti; Dustdar, Schahram; Grosu, Radu CPS/IoT Ecosystem: a platform for research and education Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Education (WESE 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Isakovic2018cpsiot, title = {CPS/IoT Ecosystem: a platform for research and education}, author = {Haris Isakovic and Denise Ratasich and Christian Hirsch and Michael Platzer and Bernhard Wally and Thomas Rausch and Dejan Nickovic and Willibald Krenn and Gerti Kappel and Schahram Dustdar and Radu Grosu}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-05}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Education (WESE 2018)}, abstract = {The CPS/IoT Ecosystem project aims to build an IoT infrastructure that will be used as a platform for research and education in multiple disciplines related to CPS and IoT. The main objective is to provide a real-world infrastructure, and allow students and researchers explore its capabilities on actual use cases.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The CPS/IoT Ecosystem project aims to build an IoT infrastructure that will be used as a platform for research and education in multiple disciplines related to CPS and IoT. The main objective is to provide a real-world infrastructure, and allow students and researchers explore its capabilities on actual use cases. |
Kessentini, Wael; Sahraoui, Houari; Wimmer, Manuel Automated Co-Evolution of Metamodels and Transformation Rules: A Search-Based Approach Inproceedings Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Search-Based Software Engineering, 2018. @inproceedings{Kessentini2018ace, title = {Automated Co-Evolution of Metamodels and Transformation Rules: A Search-Based Approach}, author = {Wael Kessentini and Houari Sahraoui and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-09}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Search-Based Software Engineering}, abstract = {Metamodels frequently change over time by adding new concepts or changing existing ones to keep track with the evolving problem domain they aim to capture. This evolution process impacts several depending artifacts such as model instances, constraints, as well as transformation rules. As a consequence, these artifacts have to be co-evolved to ensure their conformance with new metamodel versions. While several studies addressed the problem of metamodel/- model co-evolution3, the co-evolution of metamodels and transformation rules has been less studied. Currently, programmers have to manually change model transformations to make them consistent with the new metamodel versions which require the detection of which transformations to modify and how to properly change them. In this paper, we propose a novel search-based approach to recommend transformation rule changes to make transformations coherent with the new metamodel versions by finding a trade-off between maximizing the coverage of metamodel changes and minimizing the number of static errors in the transformation and the number of applied changes to the transformation. We implemented our approach for the ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL) and validated the proposed approach on four co-evolution case studies.We demonstrate the outperformance of our approach by comparing the quality of the automatically generated co-evolution solutions by NSGA-II with manually revised transformations, one mono-objective algorithm, and random search.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Metamodels frequently change over time by adding new concepts or changing existing ones to keep track with the evolving problem domain they aim to capture. This evolution process impacts several depending artifacts such as model instances, constraints, as well as transformation rules. As a consequence, these artifacts have to be co-evolved to ensure their conformance with new metamodel versions. While several studies addressed the problem of metamodel/- model co-evolution3, the co-evolution of metamodels and transformation rules has been less studied. Currently, programmers have to manually change model transformations to make them consistent with the new metamodel versions which require the detection of which transformations to modify and how to properly change them. In this paper, we propose a novel search-based approach to recommend transformation rule changes to make transformations coherent with the new metamodel versions by finding a trade-off between maximizing the coverage of metamodel changes and minimizing the number of static errors in the transformation and the number of applied changes to the transformation. We implemented our approach for the ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL) and validated the proposed approach on four co-evolution case studies.We demonstrate the outperformance of our approach by comparing the quality of the automatically generated co-evolution solutions by NSGA-II with manually revised transformations, one mono-objective algorithm, and random search. |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel A Variability Information Model for OPC UA Inproceedings Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Wally2018Variability, title = {A Variability Information Model for OPC UA}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-06}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2018)}, abstract = {OPC Unified Architecture (UA) is a powerful technology for modeling and instantiating domain-specific information in a standardized manner. Its initial application scenario is in the domain of automated production systems, that increasingly have to deal with variability information, (i) regarding the products being manufactured and (ii) regarding the production systems themselves. In this work we propose a non-intrusive OPC UA information model for the modeling and querying of variability information using feature models, which are a well-known paradigm in the management of software product lines. Our information model can be applied “aside” existing domain information without interfering with their internal structure.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } OPC Unified Architecture (UA) is a powerful technology for modeling and instantiating domain-specific information in a standardized manner. Its initial application scenario is in the domain of automated production systems, that increasingly have to deal with variability information, (i) regarding the products being manufactured and (ii) regarding the production systems themselves. In this work we propose a non-intrusive OPC UA information model for the modeling and querying of variability information using feature models, which are a well-known paradigm in the management of software product lines. Our information model can be applied “aside” existing domain information without interfering with their internal structure. |
Lueder, Arndt; Wimmer, Manuel Modelling Consistency Rules within Production System Engineering Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Lueder2018mcr, title = {Modelling Consistency Rules within Production System Engineering}, author = {Arndt Lueder and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-24}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018)}, abstract = {The engineering of control systems is an essential part within the engineering of production systems cumulating various predecessor engineering activities. Therefore a high data quality of the predecessor activities has to be ensured especially avoiding inconsistencies between provided sets of engineering data. Within this paper, a methodology is sketched applicable to model engineering discipline crossing consistency rules to enable an automatic evaluation for consistency management. It is based on the use of AutomationML as production system modelling language but can be generalized to further modelling means.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The engineering of control systems is an essential part within the engineering of production systems cumulating various predecessor engineering activities. Therefore a high data quality of the predecessor activities has to be ensured especially avoiding inconsistencies between provided sets of engineering data. Within this paper, a methodology is sketched applicable to model engineering discipline crossing consistency rules to enable an automatic evaluation for consistency management. It is based on the use of AutomationML as production system modelling language but can be generalized to further modelling means. |
Wimmer, Manuel; Mazak, Alexandra From AutomationML to AutomationQL: A By-Example Query Language for CPPS Engineering Models Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Wimmer2018amlaql, title = {From AutomationML to AutomationQL: A By-Example Query Language for CPPS Engineering Models}, author = {Manuel Wimmer and Alexandra Mazak}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-24}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018)}, abstract = {Model-based engineering is an emerging paradigm to deal with the complexity of multi-disciplinary engineering in CPPS projects. In such projects, different kinds of models are created during the lifecycle of a production system. AutomationML is a promising standard to provide a unifying format to represent and connect the different engineering models. Dedicated tool support has been developed for AutomationML in the last years to create and evolve models. However, when it comes to querying AutomationML models, implementation-related query languages have to be currently used. These languages have a certain complexity as they are not directly based on the concepts of AutomationML but on the underlying technological concepts and encodings of AutomationML. This often hinders the formulation of automatically executable queries by domain experts. In this paper, we propose a dedicated query language for AutomationML called Automation Query Language (AutomationQL) which is directly derived from AutomationML. Using this query language, queries can be defined in a by-example manner which allows engineers to formulate queries in terms of AutomationML concepts instead of switching to an implementation-oriented query language. We illustrate how AutomationQL is defined, how queries can be formulated as well as how tool support is provided to automatically evaluate the queries and represent their results. Finally, we contrast our solution with existing query languages and derive a roadmap for future research on AutomationQL.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Model-based engineering is an emerging paradigm to deal with the complexity of multi-disciplinary engineering in CPPS projects. In such projects, different kinds of models are created during the lifecycle of a production system. AutomationML is a promising standard to provide a unifying format to represent and connect the different engineering models. Dedicated tool support has been developed for AutomationML in the last years to create and evolve models. However, when it comes to querying AutomationML models, implementation-related query languages have to be currently used. These languages have a certain complexity as they are not directly based on the concepts of AutomationML but on the underlying technological concepts and encodings of AutomationML. This often hinders the formulation of automatically executable queries by domain experts. In this paper, we propose a dedicated query language for AutomationML called Automation Query Language (AutomationQL) which is directly derived from AutomationML. Using this query language, queries can be defined in a by-example manner which allows engineers to formulate queries in terms of AutomationML concepts instead of switching to an implementation-oriented query language. We illustrate how AutomationQL is defined, how queries can be formulated as well as how tool support is provided to automatically evaluate the queries and represent their results. Finally, we contrast our solution with existing query languages and derive a roadmap for future research on AutomationQL. |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel AutomationML, ISA-95 and Others: Rendezvous in the OPC UA Universe Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018), 2018. @inproceedings{Wally2018Rendenvous, title = {AutomationML, ISA-95 and Others: Rendezvous in the OPC UA Universe}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-20}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018)}, abstract = {OPC Unified Architecture (UA) is a powerful and versatile platform for hosting information from a large variety of domains. In some cases, the domain-specific information models provide overlapping information, such as (i) different views on a specific entity or (ii) different levels of detail of a single entity. Emerging from a multi-disciplinary engineering process, these different views can stem from various tools that have been used to deal with that entity, or from different stages in an engineering process, e.g., from requirements engineering over system design and implementation to operations. In this work, we provide a small but expressive set of OPC UA reference types that unobtrusively allow the persistent instantiation of additional knowledge with respect to relations between OPC UA nodes. We will show the application of these reference types on the basis of a rendezvous of AutomationML and ISA-95 in an OPC UA server.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } OPC Unified Architecture (UA) is a powerful and versatile platform for hosting information from a large variety of domains. In some cases, the domain-specific information models provide overlapping information, such as (i) different views on a specific entity or (ii) different levels of detail of a single entity. Emerging from a multi-disciplinary engineering process, these different views can stem from various tools that have been used to deal with that entity, or from different stages in an engineering process, e.g., from requirements engineering over system design and implementation to operations. In this work, we provide a small but expressive set of OPC UA reference types that unobtrusively allow the persistent instantiation of additional knowledge with respect to relations between OPC UA nodes. We will show the application of these reference types on the basis of a rendezvous of AutomationML and ISA-95 in an OPC UA server. |
Leroy, Dorian; Bousse, Erwan; Megna, A; Combemale, Benoit; Wimmer, Manuel Trace Comprehension Operators for Executable DSLs Inproceedings Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA 2018), pp. 293-310, 2018, ISBN: 978-3-319-92996-5. @inproceedings{Leroy2018tco, title = {Trace Comprehension Operators for Executable DSLs}, author = {Dorian Leroy and Erwan Bousse and A. Megna and Benoit Combemale and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-92997-2_19}, isbn = {978-3-319-92996-5}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-28}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA 2018)}, pages = {293-310}, abstract = {Recent approaches contribute facilities to breathe life into metamodels, thus making behavioral models directly executable. Such facilities are particularly helpful to better utilize a model over the time dimension, e.g., for early validation and verification. However, when even a small change is made to the model, to the language definition (e.g., semantic variation points), or to the external stimuli of an execution scenario, it remains difficult for a designer to grasp the impact of such a change on the resulting execution trace. This prevents accessible trade-off analysis and design-space exploration on behavioral models. In this paper, we propose a set of formally defined operators for analyzing execution traces. The operators include dynamic trace filtering, trace comparison with diff computation and visualization, and graph-based view extraction to analyze cycles. The operators are applied and validated on a demonstrative example that highlight their usefulness for the comprehension specific aspects of the underlying traces.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Recent approaches contribute facilities to breathe life into metamodels, thus making behavioral models directly executable. Such facilities are particularly helpful to better utilize a model over the time dimension, e.g., for early validation and verification. However, when even a small change is made to the model, to the language definition (e.g., semantic variation points), or to the external stimuli of an execution scenario, it remains difficult for a designer to grasp the impact of such a change on the resulting execution trace. This prevents accessible trade-off analysis and design-space exploration on behavioral models. In this paper, we propose a set of formally defined operators for analyzing execution traces. The operators include dynamic trace filtering, trace comparison with diff computation and visualization, and graph-based view extraction to analyze cycles. The operators are applied and validated on a demonstrative example that highlight their usefulness for the comprehension specific aspects of the underlying traces. |
Burgueño, Loli; Mayerhofer, Tanja; Wimmer, Manuel; Vallecillo, Antonio Using Physical Quantities in Robot Software Models Inproceedings Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE@ICSE 2018), pp. 23-28, 2018. @inproceedings{Burgueno2018upq, title = {Using Physical Quantities in Robot Software Models}, author = {Loli Burgueño and Tanja Mayerhofer and Manuel Wimmer and Antonio Vallecillo}, doi = {10.1145/3196558.3196562}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-28}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE@ICSE 2018)}, pages = {23-28}, abstract = {One of the challenges of modeling any software application that deals with real-world physical systems resides in the correct representation of numerical values and their units. This paper shows how both measurement uncertainty and units can be effectively incorporated into software models, becoming part of their basic type systems, and illustrates this approach in the particular case of a robot language. We show how our approach allows robot modelers to safely represent and manipulate units and measurement uncertainties of the robots and their elements in a natural manner, statically ensuring unit-safe assignments and operations, as well as the propagation of uncertainty in the computations of derived attributes and operations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } One of the challenges of modeling any software application that deals with real-world physical systems resides in the correct representation of numerical values and their units. This paper shows how both measurement uncertainty and units can be effectively incorporated into software models, becoming part of their basic type systems, and illustrates this approach in the particular case of a robot language. We show how our approach allows robot modelers to safely represent and manipulate units and measurement uncertainties of the robots and their elements in a natural manner, statically ensuring unit-safe assignments and operations, as well as the propagation of uncertainty in the computations of derived attributes and operations. |
Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel; Patsuk-Boesch, Polina Execution-based Model Profiling Inproceedings Post-Proceedings of the6th International Symposium on Data-Driven Process Discovery and Analysis, pp. 37-52, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2018, ISBN: 978-3-319-74160-4. @inproceedings{Mazak2017ebmp, title = {Execution-based Model Profiling}, author = {Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Polina Patsuk-Boesch}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-74161-1_3}, isbn = {978-3-319-74160-4}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-26}, booktitle = {Post-Proceedings of the6th International Symposium on Data-Driven Process Discovery and Analysis}, volume = {307}, pages = {37-52}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, series = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
2017 |
Wolny, Sabine; Mazak, Alexandra; Konlechner, Rafael; Wimmer, Manuel Towards Continuous Behavior Mining Inproceedings Ceravolo, P; Keulen, Van M; Stoffel, K (Ed.): CEUR Workshop Proceedings: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Data-driven Process Discovery and Analysis (SIMPDA 2017), pp. 149-150, 2017, ISSN: 1613-0073. @inproceedings{Wolny2017, title = {Towards Continuous Behavior Mining}, author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Rafael Konlechner and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {P. Ceravolo and M. Van Keulen and K. Stoffel}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2016/paper13.pdf}, issn = {1613-0073}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-07}, booktitle = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Data-driven Process Discovery and Analysis (SIMPDA 2017)}, volume = {Vol-2016}, pages = {149-150}, abstract = {With new advances in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT), more and more discrete software controllers interact with continuous physical systems. Workflow models are a classical approach to define controllers. However, the effect of the associated actions that are activated by executing the workflow may not spontaneously be realized but have to be realized over time. Generally, behavioral model elements such as activities in workflow languages are displayed mostly as black box, meaning that it is not possible to trace variable changes over time in most of the classical modeling approaches. In this paper, we introduce an envisioned architecture to cope with this challenge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } With new advances in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT), more and more discrete software controllers interact with continuous physical systems. Workflow models are a classical approach to define controllers. However, the effect of the associated actions that are activated by executing the workflow may not spontaneously be realized but have to be realized over time. Generally, behavioral model elements such as activities in workflow languages are displayed mostly as black box, meaning that it is not possible to trace variable changes over time in most of the classical modeling approaches. In this paper, we introduce an envisioned architecture to cope with this challenge. |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra Aligning Business Services with Production Services: The Case of REA and ISA-95 Inproceedings Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Service Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Wally2017abs, title = {Aligning Business Services with Production Services: The Case of REA and ISA-95}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak}, doi = {10.1109/SOCA.2017.10}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-22}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Service Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA 2017)}, abstract = {"Industrie 4.0" aims at flexible production networks that require horizontal integration across companies. Evidently, any production related information exchanged in the network must be vertically forwarded to the corresponding service endpoints of the local production system. Accordingly, there is a need to align information that flows between companies and within each company. The Resource-Event-Agent (REA) business ontology describes a metamodel for internal business activities (e.g., production) and for inter-organizational exchange constellations on the enterprise resource planning (ERP) level. ISA-95 is a series of standards targeting the integration of enterprise control systems on the interface between ERP systems and manufacturing execution systems. Consequently, we align elements of REA and ISA-95 and define conversion rules for the transformation of elements from one system to the other. By interleaving the semantics of both standards, we formally strengthen the links between the services of the business level and the production level, and support multi-system adaptation in flexible production environments.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } "Industrie 4.0" aims at flexible production networks that require horizontal integration across companies. Evidently, any production related information exchanged in the network must be vertically forwarded to the corresponding service endpoints of the local production system. Accordingly, there is a need to align information that flows between companies and within each company. The Resource-Event-Agent (REA) business ontology describes a metamodel for internal business activities (e.g., production) and for inter-organizational exchange constellations on the enterprise resource planning (ERP) level. ISA-95 is a series of standards targeting the integration of enterprise control systems on the interface between ERP systems and manufacturing execution systems. Consequently, we align elements of REA and ISA-95 and define conversion rules for the transformation of elements from one system to the other. By interleaving the semantics of both standards, we formally strengthen the links between the services of the business level and the production level, and support multi-system adaptation in flexible production environments. |
Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel Sequence Pattern Mining: Automatisches Erkennen und Auswerten von Interaktionsmustern zwischen technischen Assets basierend auf SysML-Sequenzdiagrammen Inproceedings Proceedings of Tag des Software Engineerings (TdSE 2017), Paderborn, 2017. @inproceedings{Mazak2017tdse, title = {Sequence Pattern Mining: Automatisches Erkennen und Auswerten von Interaktionsmustern zwischen technischen Assets basierend auf SysML-Sequenzdiagrammen}, author = {Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-09}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tag des Software Engineerings (TdSE 2017)}, address = {Paderborn}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Bill, Robert; Neubauer, Patrick; Wimmer, Manuel Virtual Textual Model Composition for Supporting Versioning and Aspect-Orientation Inproceedings Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE), ACM, 2017. @inproceedings{Wimmer23.1, title = {Virtual Textual Model Composition for Supporting Versioning and Aspect-Orientation}, author = {Robert Bill and Patrick Neubauer and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1234/5678}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-20}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE)}, publisher = {ACM}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Leroy, Dorian; Wimmer, Manuel; Bousse, Erwan; Combemale, Benoit; Schwinger, Wieland Create and Play Your Pac-Man Game with the GEMOC Studio Inproceedings Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Executable Modeling (EXE), 2017. @inproceedings{Leroy2017pacman, title = {Create and Play Your Pac-Man Game with the GEMOC Studio}, author = {Dorian Leroy and Manuel Wimmer and Erwan Bousse and Benoit Combemale and Wieland Schwinger}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2019/exe_1.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-18}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Executable Modeling (EXE)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Bousse, Erwan; Mayerhofer, Tanja; Wimmer, Manuel Domain-level Debugging for Compiled DSLs with the GEMOC Studio Inproceedings Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Debugging in Model-Driven Engineering (MDEbug 2017), pp. 457-459, 2017. @inproceedings{Bousse2017dld, title = {Domain-level Debugging for Compiled DSLs with the GEMOC Studio}, author = {Erwan Bousse and Tanja Mayerhofer and Manuel Wimmer}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2019/mdebug_3.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-18}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Debugging in Model-Driven Engineering (MDEbug 2017)}, pages = { 457-459}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Wimmer, Manuel; Novak, Petr; Sindelar, Radek; Berardinelli, Luca; Mayerhofer, Tanja; Mazak, Alexandra Cardinality-Based Variability Modeling with AutomationML Inproceedings Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology & Factory Automation (ETFA 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Wimmer2017cbvm, title = {Cardinality-Based Variability Modeling with AutomationML}, author = {Manuel Wimmer and Petr Novak and Radek Sindelar and Luca Berardinelli and Tanja Mayerhofer and Alexandra Mazak}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-13}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology & Factory Automation (ETFA 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Novak, Petr; Kadera, Petr; Wimmer, Manuel Model-Based Engineering and Virtual Commissioning of Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems - Transportation System Case Study Inproceedings Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Novak2017mbe, title = {Model-Based Engineering and Virtual Commissioning of Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems - Transportation System Case Study}, author = {Petr Novak and Petr Kadera and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-13}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Novak, Petr; Wimmer, Manuel; Kadera, Petr Slicing Simulation Models into Co-Simulations Inproceedings Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems (HoloMAS 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Novak2017ssm, title = {Slicing Simulation Models into Co-Simulations}, author = {Petr Novak and Manuel Wimmer and Petr Kadera}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-28}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems (HoloMAS 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel; Patsuk-Boesch, Polina Reverse Engineering of Production Processes based on Markov Chains Inproceedings Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Mazak2017repp, title = {Reverse Engineering of Production Processes based on Markov Chains}, author = {Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Polina Patsuk-Boesch}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-20}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra A View on Model-Driven Vertical Integration: Alignment of Production Facility Models and Business Models Inproceedings Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Wally2017mdvi, title = {A View on Model-Driven Vertical Integration: Alignment of Production Facility Models and Business Models}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak}, doi = {10.1109/COASE.2017.8256235}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-20}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2017)}, abstract = {Smart manufacturing requires deeply integrated IT systems in order to foster flexibility in the setup, re-arrangement and use of attached manufacturing systems. In a vertical integration scenario, IT systems of different vendors might be in use and proprietary interfaces need to defined in order to allow the exchange of relevant information from one system to another. In this paper we present a model-driven approach for vertical integration of IT systems. It is based on the application of industry standards for the representation of hierarchy level specific system properties and an alignment of their key concepts in order to provide bridging functions for the transformation between the different systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Smart manufacturing requires deeply integrated IT systems in order to foster flexibility in the setup, re-arrangement and use of attached manufacturing systems. In a vertical integration scenario, IT systems of different vendors might be in use and proprietary interfaces need to defined in order to allow the exchange of relevant information from one system to another. In this paper we present a model-driven approach for vertical integration of IT systems. It is based on the application of industry standards for the representation of hierarchy level specific system properties and an alignment of their key concepts in order to provide bridging functions for the transformation between the different systems. |
Wurl, Alexander; Falkner, Andreas; Haselböck, Alois; Mazak, Alexandra Using Signifiers for Data Integration in Rail Automation Inproceedings Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications (DATA 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Wurl2017usdi, title = {Using Signifiers for Data Integration in Rail Automation}, author = {Alexander Wurl and Andreas Falkner and Alois Haselböck and Alexandra Mazak}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-24}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications (DATA 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Bill, Robert; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel; Vogel-Heuser, Birgit On the Need for Temporal Model Repositories Inproceedings Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop of Grand Challenges in Modeling (GRAND 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Bill2017tmr, title = {On the Need for Temporal Model Repositories}, author = {Robert Bill and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Birgit Vogel-Heuser}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-17}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop of Grand Challenges in Modeling (GRAND 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Novak, Petr; Ekaputra, Fajar Juang; Biffl, Stefan Generation of Simulation Models in MATLAB-Simulink Based on AutomationML Plant Description Inproceedings Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC WC 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Novak2017gsm, title = {Generation of Simulation Models in MATLAB-Simulink Based on AutomationML Plant Description}, author = {Petr Novak and Fajar Juang Ekaputra and Stefan Biffl}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-09}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC WC 2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Novak, Petr; Kadera, Petr; Wimmer, Manuel Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Cyber-Physical Systems Inproceedings Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF-2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Novak2017abm, title = {Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Cyber-Physical Systems}, author = {Petr Novak and Petr Kadera and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-21}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF-2017)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Wimmer, Manuel; Garrigós, Irene; Firmenich, Sergio Towards Automatic Generation of Web-Based Modeling Editors Inproceedings Cabot, Jordi; Virgilio, Roberto De; Torlone, Riccardo (Ed.): Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2017), pp. 446-454, Springer International Publishing, 2017, ISBN: 978-3-319-60131-1. @inproceedings{Wimmer2017tag, title = {Towards Automatic Generation of Web-Based Modeling Editors}, author = {Manuel Wimmer and Irene Garrigós and Sergio Firmenich}, editor = {Jordi Cabot and Roberto De Virgilio and Riccardo Torlone}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-60131-1_31}, isbn = {978-3-319-60131-1}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-08}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2017)}, pages = {446-454}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, series = {LNCS}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Artner, Johannes; Mazak, Alexandra; Wimmer, Manuel Towards Stochastic Performance Models for Web 2.0 Applications Inproceedings Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2017), pp. 360-369, 2017. @inproceedings{Artner2017tspm, title = {Towards Stochastic Performance Models for Web 2.0 Applications}, author = {Johannes Artner and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-01}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2017)}, pages = {360-369}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra Entwining Plant Engineering Data and ERP Information: Vertical Integration with AutomationML and ISA-95 Inproceedings Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR 2017), pp. 356-364, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-5090-6089-4. @inproceedings{Wally2017viai, title = {Entwining Plant Engineering Data and ERP Information: Vertical Integration with AutomationML and ISA-95}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak}, doi = {10.1109/ICCAR.2017.7942718}, isbn = {978-1-5090-6089-4}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-26}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR 2017)}, pages = {356-364}, abstract = {IT systems' integration in manufacturing companies is currently investigated in both academia and industry. While there can be found specialized systems and standards that tackle specific, e.g., production relevant problems, little has been done in the alignment of and transformation between such industrial standards. We will present the alignment of two specialized international standards, which will foster vertical system integration through detailed mapping of related concepts: (i) the Automation Markup Language (AML) standardizes the modeling of factory shop floors on top of the XML-based Computer Aided Engineering Exchange (CAEX) data format and (ii) ISA-95 is a series of standards targeting the integration of enterprise control systems, most prominent enterprise resource planning systems and manufacturing execution systems. In order to provide higher level semantics to lower level system descriptions, we have (i) aligned elements from AML and ISA-95 in order to make explicit both overlaps and complementary concepts and (ii) defined a ruleset for referencing external ISA-95 documents/elements from AML documents. Finally, we have developed a scenario that shows the potential use case for such an entwined use of AML and ISA-95.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } IT systems' integration in manufacturing companies is currently investigated in both academia and industry. While there can be found specialized systems and standards that tackle specific, e.g., production relevant problems, little has been done in the alignment of and transformation between such industrial standards. We will present the alignment of two specialized international standards, which will foster vertical system integration through detailed mapping of related concepts: (i) the Automation Markup Language (AML) standardizes the modeling of factory shop floors on top of the XML-based Computer Aided Engineering Exchange (CAEX) data format and (ii) ISA-95 is a series of standards targeting the integration of enterprise control systems, most prominent enterprise resource planning systems and manufacturing execution systems. In order to provide higher level semantics to lower level system descriptions, we have (i) aligned elements from AML and ISA-95 in order to make explicit both overlaps and complementary concepts and (ii) defined a ruleset for referencing external ISA-95 documents/elements from AML documents. Finally, we have developed a scenario that shows the potential use case for such an entwined use of AML and ISA-95. |
Wally, Bernhard; Huemer, Christian; Mazak, Alexandra ISA-95 based Task Specification Layer for REA in Production Environments Inproceedings Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Value Modeling and Business Ontologies (VMBO 2017), 2017. @inproceedings{Wally2017tsl, title = {ISA-95 based Task Specification Layer for REA in Production Environments}, author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-07}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Value Modeling and Business Ontologies (VMBO 2017)}, abstract = {Resource-Event-Agent (REA) has been applied to various engineering and business domains, with a focus on transfer activities rather than transformation activities. In the context of smart manufacturing, vertical integration of IT systems (e.g., business applications and production control systems) is a key factor. In this work, we shed light on the integration of REA concepts into production environments by investigating properties of REA transformations and aligning them with concepts from an international standard for enterprise-control system integration (ISA-95).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Resource-Event-Agent (REA) has been applied to various engineering and business domains, with a focus on transfer activities rather than transformation activities. In the context of smart manufacturing, vertical integration of IT systems (e.g., business applications and production control systems) is a key factor. In this work, we shed light on the integration of REA concepts into production environments by investigating properties of REA transformations and aligning them with concepts from an international standard for enterprise-control system integration (ISA-95). |
Theses
2020 |
Bernhard Wally Advisor: a.o.Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Christian Huemer, Co-Advisor: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Manuel Wimmer Smart Manufacturing Systems: Model-Driven Integration of ERP and MOM PhD Thesis TU Wien, Institute of Information Systems Engineering Business Informatics Group (BIG), 2020. @phdthesis{BernhardWally, title = {Smart Manufacturing Systems: Model-Driven Integration of ERP and MOM }, author = {Bernhard Wally, Advisor: a.o.Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Christian Huemer, Co-Advisor: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Manuel Wimmer}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-17}, address = {Institute of Information Systems Engineering Business Informatics Group (BIG) Favoritenstraße 9-11/194-3, 1040 Vienna, Austria}, school = {TU Wien, Institute of Information Systems Engineering Business Informatics Group (BIG)}, abstract = {Automated production systems are following a general technological trend: increasingly complex products, combined with drastically reduced lot-sizes per product variant, as well as shorter response and production times are being demanded. In order to be able to meet these expectations, modern IT systems at all levels of the automation hierarchy are required: from business related software at the corporate management level, down to the programmable logic controllers at the field level. For a well-designed coupling of systems that are located at different levels, it is necessary to find, define, and implement clear data conversion mechanisms - this endeavor is also known as vertical integration. At the same time, it is necessary to automate the inter-organizational data exchange - an aspect of horizontal integration. In this thesis, we are recapitulating a selection of own contributions in the context of information integration for smart manufacturing systems. With respect to conceptual models we have been employing established industrial standards, in order to facilitate industrial application. We have conceptualized, implemented and tested a series of conceptual models, inter-model mappings and transformations. Our approaches and implementations have been successfully evaluated by a number of experiments and case studies and are therefore a contribution towards model-driven smart manufacturing systems. }, type = {thesis}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Automated production systems are following a general technological trend: increasingly complex products, combined with drastically reduced lot-sizes per product variant, as well as shorter response and production times are being demanded. In order to be able to meet these expectations, modern IT systems at all levels of the automation hierarchy are required: from business related software at the corporate management level, down to the programmable logic controllers at the field level. For a well-designed coupling of systems that are located at different levels, it is necessary to find, define, and implement clear data conversion mechanisms - this endeavor is also known as vertical integration. At the same time, it is necessary to automate the inter-organizational data exchange - an aspect of horizontal integration. In this thesis, we are recapitulating a selection of own contributions in the context of information integration for smart manufacturing systems. With respect to conceptual models we have been employing established industrial standards, in order to facilitate industrial application. We have conceptualized, implemented and tested a series of conceptual models, inter-model mappings and transformations. Our approaches and implementations have been successfully evaluated by a number of experiments and case studies and are therefore a contribution towards model-driven smart manufacturing systems. |
Other
2019 |
Wimmer, Manuel Industrial robot meets digital twin Miscellaneous 2019. @misc{Wimmer2019Standard, title = {Industrial robot meets digital twin}, author = {Manuel Wimmer}, url = {https://derstandard.at/2000103109784/Industrieroboter-trifft-digitalen-Zwilling}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-19}, abstract = {A platform for intelligent industrial production is created at the Kepler University Linz. The aim is to create a virtual model. The digital twin describes one of the fundamental visions behind a digitized production of the future. The physical world is doubled in a virtual counter-world.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } A platform for intelligent industrial production is created at the Kepler University Linz. The aim is to create a virtual model. The digital twin describes one of the fundamental visions behind a digitized production of the future. The physical world is doubled in a virtual counter-world. |
Wimmer, Manuel Software Evolution in Time and Space: Unifying Version and Variability Management Workshop Dagstuhl Seminar 19191, 2019. @workshop{Wimmer2019se, title = {Software Evolution in Time and Space: Unifying Version and Variability Management}, author = {Manuel Wimmer}, url = {https://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/semhp/?semnr=19191}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, booktitle = {Dagstuhl Seminar 19191}, abstract = {Modern software systems evolve rapidly and often need to exist in many variants. Consider the Linux kernel with its uncountable number of variants. Each variant addresses different requirements, such as runtime environments ranging from Android phones to large super-computers and server farms. At the same time, the Linux kernel frequently boasts new versions, managed by thousands of developers. Yet, software versions – resulting from evolution in time – and variants – resulting from evolution in space – are managed radically differently. Version management relies on a version control system (Git) and sophisticated workflows – concepts that have been developed for decades in the field of software configuration management (SCM).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {workshop} } Modern software systems evolve rapidly and often need to exist in many variants. Consider the Linux kernel with its uncountable number of variants. Each variant addresses different requirements, such as runtime environments ranging from Android phones to large super-computers and server farms. At the same time, the Linux kernel frequently boasts new versions, managed by thousands of developers. Yet, software versions – resulting from evolution in time – and variants – resulting from evolution in space – are managed radically differently. Version management relies on a version control system (Git) and sophisticated workflows – concepts that have been developed for decades in the field of software configuration management (SCM). |
2018 |
Garrigós, I; Wimmer, Manuel (Ed.) Current Trends in Web Engineering Proceeding Springer, 2018, ISBN: 978-3-319-74432-2. @proceedings{Garrigos2018ctwe, title = {Current Trends in Web Engineering}, editor = {I. Garrigós and Manuel Wimmer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-74433-9}, isbn = {978-3-319-74432-2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-00-00}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Current Trends in Web Engineering - ICWE 2017 International Workshops, Liquid Multi-Device Software and EnWoT, practi-O-web, NLPIT, SoWeMine}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {proceedings} } |
Draheim, D; Holmes, T; Wimmer, Manuel Multi-Level Model Transformation Workshop Dagstuhl Seminar 17492, 7 (12), Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2018, ISSN: 2192-5283. @workshop{Draheim2018mlmt, title = {Multi-Level Model Transformation}, author = {D. Draheim and T. Holmes and Manuel Wimmer}, editor = {João Paulo A. Almeida and Ulrich Frank and Thomas Kühne}, url = {http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2018/8675/}, doi = {10.4230/DagRep.7.12.18}, issn = {2192-5283}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-00-00}, booktitle = {Dagstuhl Seminar 17492}, volume = {7}, number = {12}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik}, abstract = {This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 17492 "Multi-Level Modelling". This seminar brought together researchers and industry practitioners from the fields of conceptual modeling, ontologies, and formal foundations to discuss and share the benefits of Multi-Level Modelling (MLM), to develop an agreement on MLM terminology and scope, and to drive future research directions in MLM. Some foundational presentations were given by the seminar organizers to ground the discussions and provide an initial set of open questions which would lead to the formation of the working groups. In addition, six industry representatives gave talks explaining the needs, challenges, utility, and possible issues with adoption of MLM in industry. Based on the original seminar goals, the talks, and the resulting discussions, four working groups were established to investigate: the formal and ontological "Foundations"of MLM; promising "Applications" and potential evaluation criteria for MLM methods; the "Dynamic Aspects" of MLM, such as processes and behaviour; and, the use of and impact on "Model Transformations" in the context of MLM.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {workshop} } This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 17492 "Multi-Level Modelling". This seminar brought together researchers and industry practitioners from the fields of conceptual modeling, ontologies, and formal foundations to discuss and share the benefits of Multi-Level Modelling (MLM), to develop an agreement on MLM terminology and scope, and to drive future research directions in MLM. Some foundational presentations were given by the seminar organizers to ground the discussions and provide an initial set of open questions which would lead to the formation of the working groups. In addition, six industry representatives gave talks explaining the needs, challenges, utility, and possible issues with adoption of MLM in industry. Based on the original seminar goals, the talks, and the resulting discussions, four working groups were established to investigate: the formal and ontological "Foundations"of MLM; promising "Applications" and potential evaluation criteria for MLM methods; the "Dynamic Aspects" of MLM, such as processes and behaviour; and, the use of and impact on "Model Transformations" in the context of MLM. |