Publications

@inproceedings{wimmer2021o,

title = {RoboMAX: Robotic Mission Adaptation eXemplars},

author = {Mehrnoosh Askarpour and Christos Tsigkanos and Claudio Menghi and Radu Calinescu and Patrizio Pelliccione and Sergio Garcia and Ricardo Caldas and Tim J. von Oertzen and Manuel Wimmer and Luca Berardinelli and Matteo Rossi and    Marcello M. Bersani and Gabriel S. Rodrigues},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9462005},

doi = {10.1109/SEAMS51251.2021.00040},

isbn = {978-1-6654-0289-7},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-03},

urldate = {2022-01-03},

booktitle = {16th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS@ICSE 2021, Madrid, Spain, May 18-24,},

pages = {245-251},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Emerging and future applications of robotic systems pose unique self-adaptation challenges. To support the research needed to address these challenges, we provide an extensible repository of robotic mission adaptation exemplars. Co-designed with robotic application stakeholders including researchers, developers, operators, and end-users, our repository captures key sources of uncertainty, adaptation concerns, and other distinguishing characteristics of such applications. An online form enables external parties to supply new exemplars for curation and inclusion into the repository. We envisage that our RoboMAX repository will enable the development, evaluation, and comparison of self-adaptation approaches for the robotic systems domain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2021i,

title = {Preface to the 3rd Multi-Paradigm Modeling for Cyber-Physical Systems (MPM4CPS 2021)},

author = {Amrani Moussa and Dominique Blouin and Moharram Challenger and Julien Deantoni and Robert Heinrich and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {http://msdl.uantwerpen.be/conferences/MPM4CPS/2021/},

doi = {10.1109/MODELS-C53483.2021.00049},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-28},

urldate = {2021-12-28},

booktitle = {ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion, {MODELS} 2021 Companion, Fukuoka, Japan, virtual event, October 10-15, 2021},

journal = {International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion, MODELS Companion 2021},

pages = {284-285},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Govindasamy21,

title = {Air Quality Management: An Exemplar for Model-Driven Digital Twin Engineering},

author = {Hari Shankar Govindasamy and Ramya Jayamaran and Burcu Taspinar and Daniel Lehner and Manuel Wimmer},

doi = {10.1109/MODELS-C53483.2021.00040},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-28},

urldate = {2021-12-28},

booktitle = {ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion, {MODELS} 2021 Companion, Fukuoka, Japan, virtual, October 10-15,},

pages = {229-232},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Since its first mentioning in the literature, the concept of Digital Twin has gained traction in both industry and academia. However, there are still many open challenges when applying Digital Twins to industry-scale use cases. Applying Model-Driven Engineering techniques to the creation and maintenance of Digital Twins (also referred to as Model-Driven Digital Twin Engineering) promises automation and consistency throughout the life cycle of a Digital Twin.

The exemplar provided in this paper can be used to identify open challenges when it comes to Model-Driven Digital Twin Engineering, and to demonstrate how approaches can solve them. This exemplar applies Digital Twins to an indoor air quality management use case, where CO2, temperature, and humidity values of rooms within a building are measured. These values can be used to derive actions to improve work productivity and reduce the risk for virus infections. We describe three applications that make use of this Digital Twin (i.e., runtime visualization, physical simulation, and ML-based predictions), and provide an online repository with the artefacts of this exemplar.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2021n,

title = {Weaving Open Services with Runtime Models for Continuous Smart Cities KPIs Assessment},

author = {Martina De Sanctis and Ludovico Iovino and Maria Teresa Rossi and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Hakim Hasid and Odej Kao and Massimo Mecella and Naouel Moha aund Hye-young Paik},

url = {https://se.jku.at/weaving-open-services-with-runtime-models-for-continuous-smart-cities-kpis-assessment/},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-91431-8_43},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-15},

urldate = {2021-12-15},

booktitle = {19th International Conferene on Service-Oriented Computing, ICSOC 2021, November 22-25 },

volume = {13121},

pages = {672-681},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The automatic Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) assessment for smart cities is challenging, since the input parameters needed for the KPIs calculations are highly dynamic and change with different frequencies. Moreover, they are provided by heterogeneous data sources (e.g., IoT infrastructures, Web Services, open repositories), with different access protocol. Open services are widely adopted in this area on top of open data, IoT, and cloud services. However, KPIs assessment frameworks based on smart city models are currently decoupled from open services. This limits the possibility of having runtime up-to-date data for KPIs assessment and synchronized reports. Thus, this paper presents a generic service-oriented middleware that connects open services and runtime models, applied to a model-based KPIs assessment framework for smart cities. It enables a continuous monitoring of the KPIs’ input parameters provided by open services, automating the data acquisition process and the continuous KPIs evaluation. Experiment shows how the evolved framework enables a continuous KPIs evaluation, by drastically decreasing (∼88%) the latency compared to its baseline.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{lehner2021,

title = {AML4DT: A Model-Driven Framework for Developing and Maintaining Digital Twins with AutomationML},

author = {Daniel Lehner and Sabine Sint and Michael Vierhauser and Wolfgang Narzt and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://se.jku.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021_etfa_aml4dt_cr_final.pdf},

doi = {10.1109/ETFA45728.2021.9613376},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-07},

urldate = {2021-09-08},

booktitle = {IEEE 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, September 7-10, Vasteras, Sweden, virtual event},

journal = {IEEE 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, September 7-10, 2021, Vasteras Sweden, virtual event.},

pages = {1-8},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {As technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are becoming ubiquitous, systems adopting these technologies are getting increasingly complex. Digital Twins (DTs) provide comprehensive views on such systems, the data they generate during runtime, as well as their usage and evolution over time. Setting up the required infrastructure to run a Digital Twin is still an ambitious task that involves significant upfront efforts from domain experts, although existing knowledge about the systems, such as engineering models, may be already available for reuse. To address this issue, we present AML4DT, a model-driven framework supporting the development and maintenance of Digital Twin infrastructures by employing AutomationML (AML) models. We automatically establish a connection between systems and their DTs based on dedicated DT models. These DT models are automatically derived from existing AutomationML models, which are produced in the engineering phases of a system. Additionally, to alleviate the maintenance of the DTs, AML4DT facilitates the synchronization of the AutomationML models with the DT infrastructure for several evolution cases. A case study shows the benefits of developing and maintaining DTs based on AutomationML models using the proposed AML4DT framework. For this particular study, the effort of performing the required tasks could be reduced by about 50%.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wiesmayr21,

title = {A Model-based Execution Framework for Interpreting Control Software},

author = {Bianca Wiesmayr and Alois Zoitl and Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://epub.jku.at/obvulioa/download/pdf/6404796?%20originalFilename=true},

doi = {10.1109/ETFA45728.2021.9613716},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-07},

urldate = {2021-12-07},

booktitle = {26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and  Factory Automation, ETFA 2021, Västeras, Sweden, virtual event, September 7-10, 2021},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Industrial standards define domain-specific languages that are frequently used for developing control software. For instance, IEC 61499 standardizes a graphical modeling language that includes a platform-independent application model. The application is composed of Function Blocks. A runtime can execute the model by implementing the semantics that is described in the standard in natural language. By defining an interpreter for IEC 61499 models, we can directly execute them without prior code generation. This enables providing feedback directly on the model level. We present an interpreter for Basic Function Blocks, which encapsulate a state-based Execution Control Chart. An existing EMF meta-model for IEC 61499 was extended with an operational semantics implemented in Java and Xtend. The test cases are defined either in Java or as an interface model. Such a model is standardized in IEC 61499 as Service Sequences. We evaluate our interpreter by executing the Basic Function Blocks that are defined in the standard and compare our results to those of the open-source runtime 4diac FORTE. As a practical use case, we show how developers can use the interpreter for unit testing self-defined Basic Function Blocks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Garmendia2021,

title = {Leveraging Model-Driven Technologies for JSON Artefacts: The Shipyard Case Study},

author = {Alessandro Colantoni and Antonio Garmendia and Luca Berardinelli and Manuel Wimmer and Johannes Bräuer},

url = {https://se.jku.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Leveraging_Model_Driven_Technologies_for_JSONArtefacts__The_Shipyard_Case_Study.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-21},

urldate = {2021-10-21},

booktitle = {IEEE/ACM 24th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), October 10-15},

journal = {ACM / IEEE 24th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), October 10-15, 2021},

abstract = {With JSON’s increasing adoption, the need for structural constraints and validation capabilities led to JSON Schema, a dedicated meta-language to specify languages which are in turn used to validate JSON documents. Currently, the standardisation process of JSON Schema and the implementation of adequate tool support (e.g., validators and editors) are work in progress. However, the periodic issuing of newer JSON Schema drafts makes tool development challenging. Nevertheless, many JSON Schemas as language definitions exist, but JSON documents are still mostly edited in basic text-based editors. To tackle this challenge, we investigate in this paper how Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) methods for language engineering can help in this area. Instead of re-inventing the 

wheel of building up particular technologies directly for JSON, we study how the existing MDE infrastructures may be utilized for JSON. In particular, we present a bridge between the JSONware and Modelware technical spaces to exchange languages and documents. Based on this bridge, our approach supports language engineers, domain experts, and tool providers in editing, validating, and generating tool support with enhanced capabilities for JSON schemas and their documents. We evaluate our approach with Shipyard, a JSON Schema-based language for the workflow specification for Keptn, an open-source tool for DevOps automation of cloud-native applications. The results of the case study show that proper editors and language evolution support from MDE can be reused and, at the same time, the surface syntax of JSON is maintained.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{eisenberg2021,

title = {Towards Reinforcement Learning for In-Place Model Transformations},

author = {Martin Eisenberg and Hans-Peter Pichler and Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://se.jku.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/paper-towards.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-14},

urldate = {2021-10-14},

booktitle = {ACM / IEEE 24th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), Fukuoka, Japan, October 10-15},

pages = {7},

abstract = {Model-driven optimization has gained much interest in the last years which resulted in several dedicated extensions for in-place model transformation engines. The main idea is to exploit domain-specific languages to define models which are optimized by applying a set of model transformation rules. Objectives are guiding the optimization processes which are currently mostly realized by meta-heuristic searchers such as different kinds of Genetic Algorithms. However, meta-heuristic search approaches are currently challenged by reinforcement learning approaches for solving optimization problems. In this new ideas paper, we apply for the first time reinforcement learning for in-place model transformations. In particular, we extend an existing model-driven optimization approach with reinforcement learning techniques. We experiment with valuebased and policy-based techniques. We investigate several case studies for validating the feasibility of using reinforcement learning for model-driven optimization and compare the performance against existing approaches. The initial evaluation shows promising results but also helped in identifying future research lines for the whole model transformation community.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{lehner2021b,

title = {Towards Flexible Evolution of Digital Twins with Fluent APIs},

author = {Daniel Lehner and Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://se.jku.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021_etfa_coevolution_cr_final.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-09},

urldate = {2021-09-09},

booktitle = {IEEE 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, September 7-10, Vasteras, Schweden, virtual event},

abstract = {With the increase of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems, a huge amount of data is generated by current systems. To gain insights from this data, it must be combined with meta-information about its origins. Therefore, Digital Twins (DTs), as a common representation of a system and its data, are currently gaining traction in both industry and academia. However, these DTs have of course to be evolvable in order to reflect the high need of flexibility of the systems to support extensions, adaptations, customizations, etc. Evolving the DT representations currently not only involves a lot of manual effort, but might also lead to loss of data if not done correctly. To provide dedicated evolution support, we propose a dedicated framework for realizing evolution strategies between the schema, instance, and data level of a DT. In particular, we present a fluent API which allows the flexible but systematic manipulation of DTs during runtime and demonstrate its usage for a use case.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2021c,

title = {Towards a Model-Integrated Runtime Monitoring Infrastructure for Cyber-Physical Systems},

author = {Michael Vierhauser and Hussein Marah and Antonio Garmendia and Jane Cleland-Huang and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://se.jku.at/towards-a-model-integrated-runtime-monitoring-infrastructure-for-cyber-physical-systems/},

doi = {10.1109/ICSE-NIER52604.2021.00028},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-07},

urldate = {2021-05-07},

booktitle = {IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results (ICSE-NIER), May 25-28, Madrid, Spain, virtual event},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Runtime monitoring is essential for ensuring the safe operation and enabling self-adaptive behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). It requires the creation of system monitors, instrumentation for data collection, and the definition of constraints. All of these aspects need to evolve to accommodate changes in the system. However, most existing approaches lack support for the automated generation and set up of monitors and constraints for diverse technologies and do not provide adequate support for evolving the monitoring infrastructure. Without this support, constraints and monitors can become stale and become less effective in long-running, rapidly changing CPS. In this “new and emerging results” paper we propose a novel framework for model-integrated runtime monitoring. We combine model-driven techniques and runtime monitoring to automatically generate large parts of the monitoring framework and to reduce the maintenance effort necessary when parts of the monitored system change. We build a prototype and evaluate our approach against a system for controlling the flights of unmanned aerial vehicles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{gemeinhardt,

title = {Towards Model-Driven Quantum Software Engineering},

author = {Felix Gemeinhardt and Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://epub.jku.at/obvulioa/download/pdf/5894932?originalFilename=true},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-10},

urldate = {2021-04-10},

booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Quantum Software Engineering (Q-SE 2021) co-located with ICSE 2021, April 9-11, Qingdoa, China, virtual event},

pages = {3},

publisher = {IEEE/ACM},

abstract = {Quantum technologies are emerging. Dedicated languages for programming Quantum machines are emerging as well and already used in different settings. Orthogonal to this development, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is explored to ease the development of software systems by applying modeling techniques such as Domain-Specific Modeling Languages and generative techniques such as code generation. 

 

In this position paper, we argue for a dedicated research line which deals with the exploration of how MDE may be applied for Quantum technologies. This combination would allow to speed-up the development of Quantum software, open the door for domain experts to utilize Quantum technologies, and may provide an additional abstraction layer over existing Quantum hardware architectures and programming languages. We outline several research challenges which we derived from a demonstration case of how to exploit domain-specific modeling for social network analysis on Quantum technologies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2021g,

title = {Behavioral Interfaces for Executable DSLs},

author = {Dorian Leroy and Erwan Bousse and Manuel Wimmer and Benoit Combemale and Tanja Mayerhofer and Wieland Schwinger},

editor = {Anne Koziolek and Ina Schaefer and Christoph Seidl},

doi = {10.18420/SE2021_25},

isbn = {978-3-88579-704-3},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-18},

urldate = {2021-02-18},

booktitle = {Software Engineering 2021, Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, February 22-26, Braunschweig, Deutschland, virtual event},

volume = {P310},

pages = {73-74},

publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},

abstract = {A large amount of domain-specific languages (DSLs) are used to represent behavioral aspects of systems in the form of behavioral models [BCW17]. Executable domain-specific languages (xDSLs) enable the execution of behavioral models [Ma13]. While an execution is mostly driven by the model’s content (e.g., control structures, conditionals, transitions,method calls), many use cases require interacting with the running model, such as simulating scenarios in an automated or interactive way or coupling system models with environment models. The management of these interactions is usually hard-coded into the semantics of xDSLs, which prevents its reuse for other xDSLs and the provision of generic interaction tools. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel metalanguage for complementing the definition ofxDSLs with explicit behavioral interfaces to enable external tools to interact with executable models in a unified way. A behavioral interface defines a set of events specifying how external tools can interact with models that conform to xDSLs implementing the interface.Additionally, we define two types of relationships involving behavioral interfaces the implementation relationship and the subtyping relationship. An implementation relationship ties a behavioral interface to a given operational semantics implementation. Subtyping relationships allow to build event abstraction hierarchies, indicating that events from one interface can be abstracted or refined as events from another interface.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2021cb,

title = {Workshop on Software Engineering in Cyber-Physical Production Systems (SECPPS’21)},

author = {Rick Rabiser and Birgit Vogel-Heuser and Manuel Wimmer and Alois Zoitl},

editor = {Anne Koziolek and Ina Schaefer and Christoph Seidl},

doi = {10.18420/SE2021_53},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-18},

urldate = {2021-02-18},

booktitle = {Software Engineering 2021, Fachtagung des GT-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, Workshop am Software Engineering in Cyber-Physical Production Systems (SECPPS’21), February 22-26, Bonn, Germany, virtual event},

volume = {P310},

pages = {133-134},

publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},

abstract = {This workshop focuses on Software Engineering in Cyber-Physical Production Systems. Itis an interactive workshop opened by keynotes and statements by participants, followed by extensive discussions in break-out groups. The output of the workshop is a research roadmap as well as concrete networking activities to further establish a community in this interdisciplinary field.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wimmer21,

title = {From Model Versioning to Variability-Augmented Modelling Technologies},

author = {Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Paul Grünbacher and Christoph Seidl and Deepak Dhungana and Helena Lovasz-Bukvova},

doi = {10.1145/3442391.3442394},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-12},

urldate = {2021-02-12},

booktitle = {VAMOS 2021, 15th International Working Conference on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems, February 9-11, Krems, Austria, virtual event},

pages = {2:1},

publisher = {ACM},

abstract = {Version control systems are an essential part of the software development infrastructure. While traditional systems mostly focus on code-based artefacts, recent trends such as Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) require to support model-based artefacts as well – especially in interdisciplinary settings. As a consequence, several dedicated approaches for model versioning have been proposed recently. In this talk, I will review the active research field of model versioning, establish a common terminology, introduce the various techniques and technologies applied in current model versioning systems, and conclude with open issues and challenges such as the need for variability-augmented modelling technologies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Rossi21,

title = {Leveraging Multi-Level Modeling for Multi-Domain Quality Assessment},

author = {Maria Teresa Rossi and Martina Dal Molin and Ludovico Iovino and Martina De Sanctis and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/models-c/2021/248400a546/1zutEepNq3m},

doi = {10.1109/MODELS-C53483.2021.00085},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

booktitle = {International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion, MODELS Companion 2021},

pages = {546-555},

abstract = {Quality Evaluation Systems (QESs) are a class of software systems which receive evaluation requests and quality requirement specifications as inputs and produce results as outputs of an assessment process. This class of systems usually work with a quality model including quality definitions and metrics, and produce the output as a quantitative evaluation of a subject. QESs can be implemented using model-driven techniques and dedicated languages, for domain-specific evaluation of different subjects. However, applying traditional two-level metamodeling techniques for this scenario entails that every time a QES is required, a new modeling framework, with consequent engine for interpreting the newly defined models, must be re-developed from scratch. To overcome this repetitive process, in this paper, we propose a Multi-Level Modeling (MLM) approach for realizing the artifacts involved in the development phase of a QES which are reusable across multiple domains. We demonstrate the approach with running examples from three different application domains comprising different evaluation scenarios.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2020c,

title = {Automated Variability Injection for Graphical Modelling Languages},

author = {Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer and Esther Guerra and Elena Gómez-Martínez and Juan Lara},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3425898.3426957},

doi = {10.1145/3425898.3426957},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-15},

booktitle = {in Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative Programming, Concepts and Experiences (GPCE 2020), November 16–17, 2020, Chicago, USA, Virtual},

pages = {15-21},

publisher = {ACM},

abstract = {Model-based development approaches, such as Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), heavily rely on the use of modelling languages to achieve and automate software development tasks. To enable the definition of model variants (e.g., supporting the compact description of system families), one solution is to combine MDE with Software Product Lines. However, this is technically costly as it requires adapting many MDE artefacts associated to the modelling language – especially the meta-models and graphical environments. To alleviate this situation, we propose a method for the automated injection of variability into graphical modelling languages. Given the meta-model and graphical environment of a particular language, our approach permits configuring the allowed model variability, and the graphical environment is automatically adapted to enable creating models with variability. Our solution is implemented atop the Eclipse Modeling Framework and Sirius, and synthesizes adapted graphical editors integrated with Feature IDE.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{BorkGW20,

title = {Towards a Multi-Objective Modularization Approach for Entity-Relationship Models},

author = {Dominik Bork and Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Judith Michael and Victoria Torres},

url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2716/paper4.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-05},

booktitle = {Forum, Demo and Posters 2020 co-located with 39th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling ER 2020, Vienna, Austria, November 3-6, 2020},

volume = {2716},

pages = {45-58},

publisher = {CEUR-WS.org},

abstract = {Legacy systems and their associated data models often evolve into large, monolithic artifacts. This threatens comprehensibility and maintainability by human beings. Breaking down a monolith into a modular structure is an established technique in software engineering. Several previous works aimed to adapt modularization also for conceptual data models. However, we currently see a research gap manifested in the absence of:(i)a flexible and extensible modularization concept for Entity Relationship (ER) models; (ii )of openly available tool support; and (iii) empirical evaluation. With this paper, we introduce a generic encoding of a modularization concept for ER models which enables the use of meta-heuristic search approaches. For the efficient application we introduce the ModulER tool. Eventually, we report on a twofold evaluation: First, we demonstrate feasibility and performance of the approach by two demonstration cases. Second, we report on an initial empirical experiment and a survey we conducted with modelers to compare automated modularizations with manually created ones and to better understand how humans approach ER modularization.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Horvath0W20,

title = {Towards the next generation of reactive model transformations on low-code platforms: three research lines},

author = {Benedek Horváth and Ákos Hováth and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Esther Guerra and Ludovico Iovino},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3417990.3420199},

doi = {10.1145/3417990.3420199},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-29},

booktitle = {23rd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Virtual Event, Canada, 16-23 October, 2020, Companion Proceedings},

pages = {65:1-65:10},

publisher = {ACM},

abstract = {Low-Code Development Platforms have emerged as the next-generation, cloud-enabled collaborative platforms. These platforms adopt the principles of Model-Driven Engineering, where models are used as first-class citizens to build complex systems, and model transformations are employed to keep a consistent view between the different aspects of them. Due to the online nature of low-code platforms, users expect them to be responsive, to complete complex operations in a short time. To support such complex collaboration scenarios, the next-generation of low-code platforms must (𝑖) offer a multi-tenant environment to manage the collaborative work of engineers, (𝑖𝑖) provide a model processing paradigm scaling up to hundreds of millions of elements, and (𝑖𝑖𝑖) provide engineers a set of selection criteria to choose the right model transformation engine in multi-tenant execution environments.In this paper, we outline three research lines to improve the performance of reactive model Transformations on low-code platforms, by motivating our research with a case study from a systems engineering domain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{ColantoniBW20,

title = {DevOpsML: Towards Modeling DevOps Processes and Platforms},

author = {Alessandro Colantoni and Luca Berardinelli and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Esther Guerra and Ludovico Iovino},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3417990.3420203},

doi = {10.1145/3417990.3420203},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-29},

booktitle = {23rd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Virtual Event, Canada, 16-23 October, 2020, Companion Proceedings},

pages = {69:1 - 69:10},

publisher = {ACM},

abstract = {DevOps and Model Driven Engineering (MDE) provide differently skilled IT stakeholders with methodologies and tools for organizing and automating continuous software engineering activities–from development to operations, and using models as key engineering artifacts, respectively. Both DevOps and MDE aim at shortening the development life-cycle, dealing with complexity, and improve software process and product quality. The integration of DevOps and MDE principles and practices in low-code engineering platforms (LCEP) are gaining attention by the research community. However, at the same time, new requirements are upcoming for DevOps and MDE as LCEPs are often used by non-technical users, to deliver fully functional software. This is in particular challenging for current DevOps processes, which are mostly considered on the technological level, and thus, excluding most of the current LCEP users. The systematic use of models and modeling to lowering the learning curve of DevOps processes and platforms seems beneficial to make them also accessible for non-technical users. In this paper, we introduce DevOpsML, a conceptual framework for modeling and combining DevOps processes and platforms. Tools along with their interfaces and capabilities are the building blocks of DevOps platform configurations, which can be mapped to software engineering processes of arbitrary complexity. We show our initial endeavors on DevOpsML and present a research roadmap how to employ the resulting DevOpsML framework for different use cases.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{BordeleauCEBW20,

title = {Towards Model-Driven Digital Twin Engineering: Current Opportunities and Future Challenges},

author = {Francis Bordeleau and Benoit Combemale and Romina Eramo and Mark Brand and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Önder Babur and Joachim Enil and Birgit Vogel-Heuser},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58167-1_4},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-58167-1_4},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-22},

booktitle = {Systems Modelling and Management - First International Conference, ICSMM 2020, Bergen, Norway, June 25-26, 2020, Proceedings},

volume = {1262},

pages = {43-54},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Digital Twins have emerged since the beginning of this millennium to better support the management of systems based on (real-time) data collected in different parts of the operating systems. Digital Twins have been successfully used in many application domains, and thus, are considered as an important aspect of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). However, their development , maintenance, and evolution still face major challenges, in particular: (i) the management of heterogeneous models from different disciplines, (ii) the bi-directional synchronization of digital twins and the actual systems, and (iii) the support for collaborative development throughout the complete life-cycle. In the last decades, the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) community has investigated these challenges in the context of software systems. Now the question arises, which results may be applicable for digital twin engineering as well. In this paper, we identify various MDE techniques and technologies which may contribute to tackle the three mentioned digital twin challenges as well as outline a set of open MDE research challenges that need to be addressed in order to move towards a digital twin engineering discipline.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{LehnerWMW20,

title = {Towards a Reference Architecture for Leveraging Model Repositories for Digital Twins},

author = {Daniel Lehner and Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak-Huemer and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9212109},

doi = {10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9212109},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-15},

booktitle = {25th (IEEE) International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2020, Vienna, Austria, September 8-11, 2020},

pages = {1077-1080},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {In the area of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the degree of complexity continuously increases mainly due to new key-enabling technologies supporting those systems. One way to deal with this increasing complexity is to create a digital representation of such systems, a so-called Digital Twin (DT), which virtually acts in parallel ideally across the entire life-cycle of a CPS. For this purpose, the DT uses simulated or real-time data to mimic operations, control, and may modify the CPS’s behaviour at runtime. However, building such DTs from scratch is not trivial, mainly due to the integration needed to deal with heterogeneous systems residing in different technological spaces. In order to tackle this challenge, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) allows to logically model a CPS with its physical components. Usually, in MDE such “logical models” are created at design time which keep them detached from the deployed system during runtime. Instead of building bilateral solutions between each runtime environment and every engineering tool, a dedicated integration layer is needed which can deal with both, design and runtime aspects. Therefore, we present a reference architecture that allows on the one side to query data from model repositories to enrich the running system with design-time knowledge, and on the other side, to be able to reasoning about system states at runtime in design-time models. We introduce a model repository query and management engine as mediator and show its feasibility by a demonstration case.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{GarmendiaWMGL20,

title = {Modelling Production System Families with AutomationML},

author = {Antonio Garmendia and Manuel Wimmer and Alexandra Mazak-Huemer and Esther Guerra and Juan Lara},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9211894},

doi = {10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9211894},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-15},

booktitle = {25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2020, Vienna, Austria, September 8-11, 2020},

pages = {1057-1060},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {The description of families of production systems usually relies on the use of variability modelling. This aspect of modelling is gaining increasing interest with the emergence of Industry 4.0 to facilitate the product development as new requirements appear. As a consequence, there are several emerging modelling techniques able to apply variability in different domains. In this paper, we introduce an approach to establish product system families in AutomationML. Our approach is based on the definition of feature models describing the variability space, and on the assignment of presence conditions to AutomationML model elements. These conditions (de-)select the model elements depending on the chosen configuration. This way, it is possible to model a large set of model variants in a compact way using one single model. To realize our approach, we started from an existing EMF-based AutomationML workbench providing graphical modelling support. From these artifacts,we synthesized an extended graphical modelling editor with variability support, integrated with FeatureIDE. Furthermore, we validated our approach by creating and managing a production system family encompassing six scenarios of the Pick and Place Unit Industry 4.0 demonstrator.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2020e,

title = {A Graphical Toolkit for IEC 62264-2},

author = {Laurens Lang and Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Radek Sindelar and Alexandra Mazak-Huemer and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Robert X. Gao and Kornel Ehmann},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.049},

doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.049},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-22},

booktitle = {53rd CIRP Conference on Manufactoring Systems 2020, July 1-3, 2020, Chicago, USA},

journal = {Procedia CIRP},

volume = {93},

pages = {532-537},

abstract = {Among the plethora of industrial standards available in the context of smart manufacturing, one series of standards is consistently being mentioned for dealing with manufacturing operations management: IEC 62264. Its second part provides a conceptual model for the description of production systems and their capabilities, including runtime information such as concrete maintenance schedules or achieved production goals. In this work, we present a concrete graphical syntax and toolkit for the creation and presentation of IEC 62264-2 compliant models, using techniques from model-driven (software) engineering. We have evaluated our tool by conducting a user study for assessing its usability and effectiveness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{SanctisIRW20,

title = {A Flexible Architecture for Key Performance Indicators Assessment in Smart Cities},

author = {Martina De Sanctis and Ludovico Iovino and Maria Teresa Rossi and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Anton Jansen and Ivano Malavolta and Henry Muccini and Olaf Zimmermann},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58923-3_8},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-58923-3_8},

isbn = {978-3-030-58922-6},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-19},

booktitle = {Software Architecture for Key Performance Indicators Assessment in Smart Cities},

volume = {12292},

pages = {118-135},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The concept of smart and sustainable city has been on the agenda for the last decade. Smart governance is about the use of innovation for supporting enhanced decision making and planning to make a city smart, by leveraging on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as procedural tools. However, developing processes and instruments able to evaluate smart cities is still a challenging task, due to the rigidity showed by the existing frameworks in the definition of KPIs and modeling of the subjects to be evaluated. Web-based platforms, spreadsheets or even Cloud-based applications offer limited flexibility, if the stakeholder is interested not only in using but also in defining the pieces of the puzzle to be composed. In this paper we present a flexible architecture supporting a model-driven approach for the KPIs assessment in smart cities. It identifies both required and optional components and functionalities needed for realizing the automatic KPIs assessment, while showing flexibility points allowing for different specification of the architecture, thus of the overall methodology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wally2020bb,

title = {The Digital Twin as a Core Component for Industry 4.0 Smart Production Planning},

author = {Petr Novak and Jiri Vyskocil and Bernhard Wally},

url = {http://ifatwww.et.uni-magdeburg.de/ifac2020/media/pdfs/3228.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-17},

booktitle = {21st IFAC World Congress, July 11-17, 2020, Berlin, Germany, virtual,},

abstract = {Production systems that adhere the Industry 4.0 vision require new ways of control and integration of individual components, such as robots, transportation system shuttles or mobile platforms. This paper proposes a new production system control concept based on closing a feedback loop between a production planning system and a digital twin of the physical production system. The digital twin keeps up-to-date information about the current state of the physical production system and it is combined with the production planner utilizing artificial intelligence methods. Production recipes and concrete process instantiations are planned for each production order on-the-fly, based on the production system state retrieved form the digital twin. This approach provides a high exibility in terms of ability to add and to remove products as well as production resources. It also enables error recovery by re-planning the production if some failure happens. The proposed approach is tested and evaluated on an internally hosted Industry 4.0 testbed, which confirms its effciency and exibility.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2020g,

title = {Modeling Smart Cities},

author = {Ludovico Iovino and Manuel Wimmer and Juri Di Rocco},

url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2707/moscpreface.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

booktitle = {STAF 2020 Workshop Proceedings: 4th Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for the Internet-of-Things, co-located with Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations federation of conferences (STAF 2020) Bergen, Norway, June 22-26, 2020.},

volume = {2707},

pages = {3},

abstract = {Making a city ”smart” is an emerging strategy to mitigate the problems generated by the urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Each city models the technological, organizational and policy aspects of that city, and for this reason a smart city is an interplay among technological, organizational and policy innovation. The complexity of inter actions not only in hardware and software involved, but also in the actors and processes interplay, makes the availability of systematic design processes a must.Model Driven Engineering (MDE) improves coordination between the various stakeholders, resulting in the qualitative production of software and other artifacts involved. MDE has been successfully used in businesses with a need for complex and error-proof software, such as companies operating in the high tech industry. Integrating MDE approaches in Smart City design processes may lead to more robust solutions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2020f,

title = {Model-Driven Engineering for the Internet-of-Things},

author = {Federico Ciccozzi and Nikolas Ferry and Sebastian Mosser and Amor Solberg and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2707/mde4iotpreface.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-30},

booktitle = {STAF 2020 Workshop Proceedings: 4th Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for the Internet-of-Things, co-located with Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations federation of conferences (STAF 2020) Bergen, Norway, June 22-26, 2020.},

volume = {2707},

pages = {3},

abstract = {A recent forecast from the International Data Corporation (IDC) envi-sions that 41 billion Internet-of-Things (IoT) endpoints will be in use by20251, representing great business opportunities. The next generation IoTsystems needs to perform distributed processing and coordinated behavioracross IoT, edge and cloud infrastructures, manage the closed loop fromsensing to actuation, and cope with vast heterogeneity, scalability and dy-namicity of IoT systems and their environments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{FranchSOFGVW20,

title = {Towards Integrating Data-Driven Requirements Engineering into the Software Development Process: A Vision Paper},

author = {Xavier Franch and Norbert Seyff and Marc Oriol and Samuel Fricker and Iris Groher and Michael Vierhauser and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Nazim H. Madhavji and Liliana Pasquale and Alessio Ferrari and Stefania Gnesi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44429-7_10},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-44429-7_10},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-10},

booktitle = {26th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2020, Pisa, Italy, March 24-27, 2020, was postponed},

volume = {12045},

pages = {135-142},

publisher = {Springer},

series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},

abstract = {[Context and motivation] Modern software engineering processes have shifted from traditional upfront requirements engineering (RE) to a more continuous way of conducting RE, particularly including data-driven approaches. [Question/problem] However, current research on data-driven RE focuses more on leveraging certain techniques such as natural language processing or machine learning than on making the concept fit for facilitating its use in the entire software development process. [Principal ideas/results] In this paper, we propose a research agenda composed of six distinct research directions. These include a data-driven RE infrastructure, embracing data heterogeneity, context-aware adaptation, data analysis and decision support, privacy and confidentiality, and finally process integration. Each of these directions addresses challenges that impede the broader use of data-driven RE. [Contribution] For researchers, our research agenda provides topics relevant to investigate. For practitioners, overcoming the underlying challenges with the help of the proposed research will allow to adopt a data-driven RE approach and facilitate its seamless integration into modern software engineering. For users, the proposed research will enable the transparency, control, and security needed to trust software systems and software providers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{0001BB0TZW20,

title = {Searching for Optimal Models: Comparing Two Encoding Approaches},

author = {Stefan John and Alexandru Burdusel and Robert Bill and Daniel Strüber and Gabriele Taentzer and Steffen Zschaler and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Michael Felderer and Wilhelm Hasselbring and Rick Rabiser and Reiner Jung},

url = {https://doi.org/10.18420/SE2020_30},

doi = {10.18420/SE2020_30},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-06},

booktitle = {Software Engineering 2020, Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria},

volume = {P-300},

pages = {101-103},

publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},

series = {LNI},

abstract = {Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) is about solving software development problems by formulating them as optimisation problems. In the last years, combining SBSE and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), where models and model transformations are treated as key artifacts in the development of complex systems, has become increasingly popular. While search-based techniques have often successfully been applied to tackle MDE problems, a recent line of research investigates how a model-driven design can make optimisation more easily accessible to a wider audience. In previous model-driven optimisation efforts, a major design decision concerns the way in which solutions are encoded. Two main options have been explored: a model-based encoding representing candidate solutions as models, and a rule-based encoding representing them as sequences of transformation rule applications. While both encodings have been applied to different use cases, no study has yet compared them systematically. To close this gap, we evaluate both approaches on a common set of optimization problems, investigating their impact on the optimization performance. Additionally, we discuss their differences, strengths, and weaknesses laying the foundation for a knowledgeable choice of the right encoding for the right problem.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{FeldmannKMV20,

title = {Managing Inter-Model Inconsistencies in Model-based Systems Engineering},

author = {Stefan Feldmann and Konstantin Kernschmidt and Manuel Wimmer and Birgit Vogel-Heuser},

editor = {Michael Felderer and Wilhelm Hasselbring and Rick Rabiser and Reiner Jung},

url = {https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/31706},

doi = {10.18420/SE2020_29},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-06},

booktitle = {Software Engineering 2020, Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria},

volume = {300},

pages = {99-100},

publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},

abstract = {This work summarizes our paper [Fe19] originally published in the Journal of Systems and Software in 2019 about a model-based inconsistency management approach.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{CombemaleW19,

title = {Towards a Model-Based DevOps for Cyber-Physical Systems},

author = {Benoît Combemale and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Jean-Michel Bruel and Manuel Mazzara and Bertrand Meyer},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39306-9_6},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-39306-9_6},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-21},

booktitle = {Software Engineering Aspects of Continuous Development and New Paradigms of Software Production and Deployment - Second International Workshop, DEVOPS 2019, Château de Villebrumier, France, May 6-8, 2019, Revised Selected Papers},

volume = {12055},

pages = {84-94},

publisher = {Springer},

series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},

abstract = {The emerging field of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) calls for new scenarios of the use of models. In particular, CPS require to support both the integration of physical and cyber parts in innovative complex systems or production chains, together with the management of the data gathered from the environment to drive dynamic reconfiguration at runtime or finding improved designs. In such a context, the engineering of CPS must rely on models to uniformly reason about various heterogeneous concerns all along the system life cycle. In the last decades, the use of models has been intensively investigated both at design time for driving the development of complex systems, and at runtime as a reasoning layer to support deployment, monitoring and runtime adaptations. However, the approaches remain mostly independent. With the advent of DevOps principles, the engineering of CPS would benefit from supporting a smooth continuum of models from design to runtime, and vice versa. In this vision paper, we introduce a vision for supporting model-based DevOps practices, and we infer the corresponding research roadmap for the modeling community to address this vision by discussing a CPS demonstrator.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{NeubauerBKPW19,

title = {Reusable Textual Notations for Domain-Specific Languages},

author = {Patrick Neubauer and Robert Bill and Dimitris S. Kolovos and Richard F. Paige and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Achim D. Brucker and Gwendal Daniel and Frédéric Jouault},

url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2513/paper6.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-31},

booktitle = {19th International Workshop in OCL and Textual Modeling (OCL 2019) co-located with IEEE/ACM 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2019), Munich, Germany, September 16, 2019},

volume = {2513},

pages = {67-80},

publisher = {CEUR-WS.org},

series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},

abstract = {Domain-specific languages enable concise and precise formalization of domain concepts and promote direct employment by domain experts. Therefore, syntactic constructs are introduced to empower users to associate concepts and relationships with visual textual symbols. Model-based language engineering facilitates the description of concepts and relationships in an abstract manner. However, concrete representations are commonly attached to abstract do-main representations, such as annotations in metamodels, or directly encoded into language grammar and thus introduce redundancy between metamodel elements and grammar elements. In this work, we propose an approach that enables autonomous development and maintenance of domain concepts and textual language notations in a distinctive and metamodel-agnostic manner by employing style models containing grammar rule templates and injection-based property selection. We provide an implementation and showcase the proposed notation-specification language in a comparison with state of the art practices during the creation of notations for an executable domain-specific modeling language based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework and Xtext.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wolny2019mdrsi,

title = {Model-driven Runtime State Identification},

author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer and Christian Huemer},

url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EMISA_2019.pdf 

https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/case-study-artefacts-for-emisa-2019/},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-20},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Digital Ecosystems of the Future: Methods, Techniques and Applications (EMISA) - EMISA Forum},

volume = {39},

number = {1},

pages = {29-44},

abstract = {With new advances such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT), more and more discrete software systems interact with continuous physical systems. State machines are a classical approach to specify the intended behavior of discrete systems during development. However, the actual realized behavior may deviate from those specified models due to environmental impacts, or measurement inaccuracies. Accordingly, data gathered at runtime should be validated against the specified model. A first step in this direction is to identify the individual system states of each execution of a system at runtime. This is a particular challenge for continuous systems where system states may be only identified by listening to sensor value streams. A further challenge is to raise these raw value streams on a model level for checking purposes. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a model-driven runtime state identification approach. In particular, we automatically derive corresponding time-series database queries from state machines in order to identify system runtime states based on the sensor value streams of running systems. We demonstrate our approach for a subset of SysML and evaluate it based on a case study of a simulated environment of a five-axes grip-arm robot within a working station.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{BousseW19,

title = {Domain-Level Observation and Control for Compiled Executable DSLs},

author = {Erwan Bousse and Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Marouane Kessentini and Tao Yue and Alexander Pretschner and Sebastian Voss and Loli Burgueno},

url = {https://www.se.jku.at/domain-level-observation-and-control-for-compiled-executable-dsls/},

doi = {10.1109/MODELS.2019.000-6},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-02},

urldate = {2019-12-02},

booktitle = {22nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2019, Munich, Germany, September 15-20, 2019},

pages = {150-160},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Executable Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are commonly defined with either operational semantics (i.e., interpretation) or translational semantics (i.e., compilation). An interpreted DSL relies on domain concepts to specify the possible execution states and steps, which enables the observation and control of executions using the very same domain concepts. In contrast, a compiled DSL relies on a transformation to an arbitrarily different target language. This creates a conceptual gap, where the execution can only be observed and controlled through target domain concepts, to the detriment of experts or tools that only understand the source domain. To address this problem, we propose a language engineering architecture for compiled DSLs that enables the observation and control of executions using source domain concepts. The architecture requires the definition of the source domain execution steps and states, along with a feedback manager that translates steps and states of the target domain back to the source domain. We evaluate the architecture with two different compiled DSLs, and show that it does enable domain-level observation and control while increasing execution time by 2× in the worst observed case.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wolny2019reverse,

title = {Automatic Reverse Engineering of Interaction Models from System Logs},

author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/case-study-artefacts-for-etfa-2019/},

doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869502},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-24},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Zaragoza, Spain, September 10-13, 2019},

pages = {57-64},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Nowadays, software- as well as hardware systems produce log files that enable a continuous monitoring of the system during its execution. Unfortunately, such text-based log traces are very long and difficult to read, and therefore, reasoning and analyzing runtime behavior is not straightforward. However, dealing with log traces is especially needed in cases, where (i) the execution of the system did not perform as intended, (ii) the process flow is unknown because there are no records, and/or (iii) the design models do not correspond to its realworld counterpart. These facts cause that log data has to be prepared in a more user-friendly way (e.g., in form of graphical representations) and it takes that algorithms are needed for automatically monitoring the system’s operation, and for tracking the system components interaction patterns. For this purpose we present an approach for transforming raw sensor data logs to a UML or SysML sequence diagram in order to provide a graphical representation for tracking log traces in a time-ordered manner. Based on this sequence diagram, we automatically identify interaction models in order to analyze the runtime behavior of system components. We implement this approach as prototypical plug-in in the modeling tool Enterprise Architect and evaluate it by an example of a self-driving car.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wally2019gsa,

title = {Generating Structured AutomationML Models from IEC 62264 Information},

author = {Bernhard Wally and Laurens Lang and Rafal Wlodarski and Radek Sindelar and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://cdl-mint.se.jku.at/generating-structured-automationml/},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-26},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th AutomationML PlugFest 2019},

abstract = {AutomationML provides a versatile modeling environment for the description of production systems. However, when starting a new AutomationML project, or when serializing existing data with the AutomationML format, there are no rules on how to structure these models in a meaningful way. In this work, we present an approach for structuring AutomationML models, based on the IEC 62264 standard. In our approach we are implementing the process of serializing IEC 62264 information declaratively, by leveraging the power of model transformations, as they are applied in the context of model-driven (software) engineering.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wurl2019exploring,

title = {Exploring Robustness in a Combined Feature Selection Approach},

author = {Alexander Wurl and Andreas Falkner and Alois Haselböck and Alexandra Mazak and Peter Filzmoser},

editor = {Slimane Hammoudi and Christoph Quix and Jorge Bernardino},

doi = {10.5220/0007924400840091},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-18},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2019, Prague, Czech Republic, July 26-28, 2019},

pages = {84-91},

publisher = {SciTePress},

abstract = {A crucial task in the bidding phase of industrial systems is a precise prediction of the number of hardware components of specific types for the proposal of a future project. Linear regression models, trained on data of past projects, are efficient in supporting such decisions. The number of features used by these regression models should be as small as possible, so that determining their quantities generates minimal effort. The fact that training data are often ambiguous, incomplete, and contain outlier makes challenging demands on the robustness of the feature selection methods used. We present a combined feature selection approach: (i) iteratively learn a robust well-fitted statistical model and rule out irrelevant features, (ii) perform redundancy analysis to rule out dispensable features. In a case study from the domain of hardware management in Rail Automation we show that this approach assures robustness in the calculation of hardware components. 

Ist auch noch nicht online.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2019c,

title = {Design Science for Model-Driven Software and Systems Engineering},

author = {Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://modelsconf19.org/?page_id=1933},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-17},

booktitle = {IEEE / ACM 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), Doctoral Symposium, September 15-20, 2019 Munich, Germany},

abstract = {Design Science is well-suited methodology to perform research in Model-Driven Software and Systems Engineering (MDSE). In addition, MDSE may help in performing Design Science with systematic methods to reason about possible designs. In my talk, I will give hints how to combine these two fields in order to have a solid basis for conducting a PhD thesis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{wimmer2019d,

title = {Flexible Modeling by Prototype-based Languages and Inconsistency Management: Two Experiences from the Production System Domain},

author = {Manuel Wimmer},

url = {https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CvJeu1sl69g59fZrZ4vYMhMUIFiBl5rPe9D0D7CiyAg/edit#},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-17},

booktitle = {FlexMDE 2019 - 5th Flexible MDE Workshop Tuesday, September 17, 2019, Munich, Germany, ACM/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2019)},

abstract = {Prototype/Clone-based modeling is an alternative to Class/Object-based modeling. While providing a good level of flexibility in the modeling process, prototype-based modeling languages also come with their own challenges. How such languages may provide flexibility and at the same time some degree of consistency is the first part of my talk. In the second part, I will present some ongoing work on dealing with consistency requirements by managing inconsistencies. In both parts, explicitly modeling consistency requirements and how to deal with occurring inconsistencies is the key. Finally, I conclude with an outlook on future challenges for flexible modeling in the model-based systems engineering domain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wurl2019companion,

title = {A Conceptual Design of a Digital Companion for Failure Analysis in Rail Automation},

author = {Alexander Wurl and Andreas Falkner and Alois Haselböck and Alexandra Mazak},

editor = {Jörg Becker and Dmitriy Novikov},

doi = {10.1109/CBI.2019.00073},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-27},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Conference on Business Informatics (CBI 2019), Moscow, Russia, July 15-17, 2019, Volume 1 - Research Papers},

pages = {578--583},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {In Rail Automation, a crucial task in the maintenance phase comprises the process of failure analysis. Domain experts are often faced with various challenges in analyzing large data volumes which reveal highly complex data structures. However, finding causes for potential failures and deciding how to optimize or repair the system may be extensively time consuming. To this end, we propose the concept of a digital companion which serves as continuous assistant recommending optimizations. A sequence of different data analytics methods within the digital companion enables the domain expert to reasonably manage and control the process of failure analysis. In illustrative examples, we give insights in the workflow of a digital companion and discuss the application in the domain of Rail Automation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wally2019durative,

title = {Production Planning with IEC 62264 and PDDL},

author = {Bernhard Wally and Jiri Vyskocil and Petr Novak and Christian Huemer and Radek Sindelar and Petr Kadera and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-24},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN 2019)},

abstract = {Smart production systems need to be able to adapt to changing environments and market needs. They have to reflect changes in (i) the reconfiguration of the production systems themselves, (ii) the processes they perform or (iii) the products they produce. Manual intervention for system adaptation is costly and potentially error-prone. In this article, we propose a model-driven approach for the automatic generation and regeneration of production plans that can be triggered anytime a change in any of the three aforementioned parameters occurs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{IsakovicBWRRDKG19,

title = {Sensyml: Simulation Environment for large-scale IoT Applications},

author = {Haris Isakovic and Vanja Bisanovic and Bernhard Wally and Thomas Rausch and Denise Ratasich and Schahram Dustdar and Gerti Kappel and Radu Grosu},

doi = {10.1109/IECON.2019.8927756},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

booktitle = {IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics 

 Society},

pages = {3024--3030},

publisher = {IEEE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{MazakTdSE2019,

title = {Entwicklung einer domänenspezifischen Sprache zur Modellierung von Komponentenversionen und ihren Abhängigkeiten},

author = {Alexandra Mazak and Sabine Wolny and Manuel Wimmer and Daniel Siegl and Konrad Wieland},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

booktitle = {Tag des Systems Engineering 2019, TdSE 2019, Munich, Germany},

pages = {153--156},

publisher = {GfSE Verlag},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{WernerWA19,

title = {A Generic Language for Query and Viewtype Generation By-Example},

author = {Christopher Werner and Manuel Wimmer and Uwe Aßmann},

editor = {Loli Burgueño and Alexander Pretschner and Sebastian Voss and Michel Chaudron and Jörg Kienzle and Markus Völter and Sébastien Gérard and Mansooreh Zahedi and Erwan Bousse and Arend Rensink and Fiona Polack and Gregor Engels and Gerti Kappel},

doi = {10.1109/MODELS-C.2019.00059},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

booktitle = {22nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering 

 Languages and Systems Companion, MODELS Companion 2019, Munich, 

 Germany, September 15-20, 2019},

pages = {379--386},

publisher = {IEEE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wimmer19,

title = {From Design-Time to Runtime and Back Again with Liquid Models},

author = {Manuel Wimmer},

editor = {Alessandra Bagnato and Hugo Brunelière and Loli Burgueño and Romina Eramo and Abel Gómez},

url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2405/05_invited.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

booktitle = {STAF 2019 Co-Located Events Joint Proceedings: 1st Junior Researcher 

 Community Event, 2nd International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering 

 for Design-Runtime Interaction in Complex Systems, and 1st Research 

 Project Showcase Workshop co-located with Software Technologies: Applications 

 and Foundations (STAF 2019), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, July 15 

 - 19, 2019},

volume = {2405},

pages = {21--22},

publisher = {CEUR-WS.org},

series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wally2018IECAML,

title = {IEC 62264-2 for AutomationML},

author = {Bernhard Wally and Christian Huemer and Alexandra Mazak and Manuel Wimmer},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-25},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th AutomationML User Conference},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Gomez2018temporalEMF,

title = {TemporalEMF: A Temporal Metamodeling Framework},

author = {A. Gómez and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-25},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2018)},

abstract = {Existing modeling tools provide direct access to the most current version of a model but very limited support to inspect the model state in the past. This typically requires looking for a model version (usually stored in some kind of external versioning system like Git) roughly corresponding to the desired period and using it to manually retrieve the required data. This approximate answer is not enough in scenarios that require a more precise and immediate response to temporal queries like complex collaborative co-engineering processes or runtime models. In this paper, we reuse well-known concepts from temporal languages to propose a temporal metamodeling framework, called TemporalEMF, that adds native temporal support for models. In our framework, models are automatically treated as temporal models and can be subjected to temporal queries to retrieve the model contents at different points in time. We have built our framework on top of the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). Behind the scenes, the history of a model is transparently stored in a NoSQL database. We evaluate the resulting TemporalEMF framework with an Industry 4.0 case study about a production system simulator. The results show good scalability for storing and accessing temporal models without requiring changes to the syntax and semantics of the simulator.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Wolny2018mde4iot,

title = {An Initial Mapping Study on MDE4IoT},

author = {Sabine Wolny and Alexandra Mazak and Bernhard Wally},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-24},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for the Internet-of-Things (MDE4IoT 2018)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Echeverria2018lsp,

title = {Towards a Language Server Protocol Infrastructure for Graphical Modeling},

author = {R. Rodriguez-Echeverria and J. Canovas Izquierdo and Jordi Cabot and Manuel Wimmer},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-19},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 21st International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2018)},

abstract = {In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), models are often expressed following a graphical representation of their concepts and associations. MDE tooling allows developers to create models according to their graphical syntax and subsequently, generate code or other kind of models from them. However, the development of full-fledge graphical modeling tools is a challenging and complex task [18]. These tools usually address specific languages and platforms, as supporting multiple ones is not a viable option given the implementation and integration costs. 

Although the advantages of following the path defined by Language Server Protocol (LSP) are clear for IDE development aimed at graphical languages, currently the question about how to do it properly remains open as LSP has been defined without considering graphical languages. Basically, there is no scientific assessment or tool provider position on whether LSP provides enough expressiveness for graphical manipulations, whether it should be extended to support specific features of graphical edition or whether it would be best to ignore LSP in graphical modeling. Furthermore, LSP definition is still an ongoing work, thus it could be the right moment to suggest reasonable adaptations or extensions to provide support for graphical languages.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Kessentini2018ditl,

title = {Integrating the Designer in-the-loop for Metamodel/Model Co-Evolution via Interactive Computational Search},

author = {Wael Kessentini and Manuel Wimmer and Houari Sahraoui},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-19},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 21st International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS)},

abstract = {Metamodels evolve even more frequently than programming languages. This evolution process may result in a large number of instance models that are no longer conforming to the revised meta-model. On the one hand, the manual adaptation of models after the metamodels’ evolution can be tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming. On the other hand, the automated co-evolution of metamodels/models is challenging especially when new semantics is introduced to the metamodels. In this paper, we propose an interactive multi-objective approach that dynamically adapts and interactively suggests edit operations to developers and takes their feedback into consideration. Our approach uses NSGA-II to find a set of good edit operation sequences that minimizes the number of conformance errors, maximizes the similarity with the initial model (reduce the loss of information) and minimizes the number of proposed edit operations. The designer can approve, modify, or reject each of the recommended edit operations, and this feedback is then used to update the proposed rankings of recommended edit operations. We evaluated our approach on a set of metamodel/model coevolution case studies and compared it to fully automated coevolution techniques.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}